In 1968 we reported that the hippocampus of adrenalectomized rats takes up and retains 3H-corticosterone (McEwen et al. 1968). This and subsequent studies, which were intended to identify and localize sites of adrenal steroid feedback in the central nervous system in terms of putative receptor mechanisms, were stimuli for a variety of investigations into the role of the hippocampus in adrenal steroid feedback on ACTH secretion and on behavior. In this respect, the identification of putative receptor sites was the impetus for the search for the function of glucocorticoids in hippocampus and

At the request of a Subcommittee of the United States Senate, in February, 1975, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (now the National Institute of Neurological and Communi­ cative Disorders and Stroke) conducted a Workshop on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. The Workshop was held in response to the Senate Subcommittee's request for an "independent unbiased study of the fundamentals of the chiropractic profession. " Since spinal manipulative therapy is a key tenet of chiropractic, the Institute felt a research workshop focused on that issue would provide a useful base upon which to examine the broad concept of the role of biomechanical alterations of the spine in health and disease.

It is a privilege and pleasure to write a foreword to this work. Who, twenty years ago, would have thought that a whole book could be devoted to the veins of the posterior fossa? Even today the standard text-books of anatomy only give a paragraph to the subject. Thanks to the dedicated work of rather a few neuroradiologists our knowledge has now reached a very sophisticated level. The careful correlation of anatomical dissection with the angiographic image has achieved this, but without the aid of subtraction (discovered by a world figure in neuroradiology - Professor ZIEDSES DES PLANTES) the subject would not be as advanced as it is. The authors are to be congratulated not only for presenting the most up to date anatomical information but also for showing how wide the applications are in the clinical field by the careful analysis of displacements of veins, many of which were quite unrecognised only a very few years ago. Drs W ACKENHEIM and BRAUN are in the forefront of this discipline to which they and the French school have contributed so much. Also it was their great enthusiasm and drive which led to the birth of the European Society of Neuroradiology, the first meeting of which was held in Colmar in September 1969. The Society has flourished under their guidance and very successful annual meetings have been held for nearly a decade.

Dynamic Neural Field Theory for Motion Perception provides a new theoretical framework that permits a systematic analysis of the dynamic properties of motion perception.
This framework uses dynamic neural fields as a key mathematical concept. The author demonstrates how neural fields can be applied for the analysis of perceptual phenomena and its underlying neural processes. Also, similar principles form a basis for the design of computer vision systems as well as the design of artificially behaving systems. The book discusses in detail the application of this theoretical approach to motion perception and will be of great interest to researchers in vision science, psychophysics, and biological visual systems.

This non-fiction book provides information about the latest findings on research and therapy of nerve regeneration with catchy drawings and in understandable words. Why do nerves in the extremities regenerate, but the axons in the spinal cord do not? Can transplanted stem cells or biopolymers restore regeneration? Are bioprostheses able to functionally replace amputated arms or legs? Neuroscientist Lars Klimaschewski answers these questions and reports on exciting findings from anatomy, cell and molecular biology and neurotechnology. Find out, among other things, how a brain-computer interface processes signals from the brain in order to control the arm or leg muscles again via electrodes after a paraplegia.

Je tiens impossible de connaître les parties sans connaître le tout, non plus que de connaître le tout sans connaître particulierement les parties -Pascal The eterna[ mystery of the world is its comprehensibility -Einstein This book deals with the application of mathematical tools to the study of physiological systems. It is directed toward an audience of physiologists, physicians, physicists, kinesiologists, psychologists, engineers, mathemati­ cians, and others interested in finding out more about the complexities and subtleties of rhythmic physiological processes from a theoretical per­ spective. We have attempted to give a broad view of the underlying notions behind the dynamics of physiological rhythms, sometimes from a theoretical perspective and sometimes from the perspective of the experimentalist. This book can be used in a variety of ways, ranging from a more tra­ ditional approach such as a textbook in a biomathematics course (at either the advanced undergraduate or graduatelevel) to a research re­ source in which someone interested in a particular problem might look at the corresponding discussion here to guide their own thinking. We hope that researchers at all levels will find inspiration from the way we have dealt with particular research problems to tackle completely new areas of investigation, or even approach these in totally new ways.

This handbook reviews the clinical applications of stem cell-based therapy. The book covers the clinical applications of stem cells in cardiovascular diseases, neurological and ocular diseases, pediatrics, and the role of cancer stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA payload in lung cancer. The chapter reviews emerging stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. The book further examines the applications of stem cells in various fields of dentistry, and for the regeneration of oral and non-oral tissues. The chapters also explore the application of 3D bioprinting in conjunction with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of bone defects and state-of-the-art technology for bone and cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells. The book presents stem cell-based therapy against renal, pancreatic, and kidney diseases and examines the advantages of a novel hepatic stem for cirrhotic liver repair and regeneration. Lastly, the book provides methodological and procedural advancements in stem cell-based therapy, including the applications of single-cell sequencing in stem cell research. This handbook is a major one-stop reference for researchers working in regenerative medicine, cellular pharmacology, stem cell research in general, and those involved in specific areas of adult stem cells as well as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.

More than 70 years have elapsed since U. S. von Euler and I. H. Gaddum dis­ covered an unidentified depressor substance in the brain and gut. The effects of the powdery extracts were marked as 'P' on the kymograph tracings, and the nondescript name of 'substance P' still carries the breath of this adventurous period. In the 1960s, substance P returned in another disguise, staging as a hypothalamic peptide that causes copious salivary secretion (see chapter by F. Lembeck and I. Donnerer). This time, though, the mysterious substance was tracked down by S. E. Leeman and her collaborators as an undecapeptide, after it had eluded its identification for some 40 years.

Formal study of neuroscience (broadly defined) has been underway for millennia. For example, writing 2,350 years ago, Aristotle! asserted that association - of which he defined three specific varieties - lies at the center of human cognition. Over the past two centuries, the simultaneous rapid advancements of technology and (conse­ quently) per capita economic output have fueled an exponentially increasing effort in neuroscience research.

This volume compiles student reports from the 2023 Simula Summer School in Computational Physiology. The reports provide an overview of some tools available to model physiology in excitable tissues across scales and scientific questions.

This book comprehensively reviews the recent progress in their pathogenesis and management approaches for neurological disorders. It focuses on understanding the molecular mechanism, pathology, novel nanotechnology-based approaches against stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Epilepsy. The book provides the basic understanding about the development and progression of these diseases, and recent pharmacotherapeutic approaches for their management. It also discusses challenges in drug development for neurological disorders, including preclinical models of disorders, the need for drugs to cross the blood-brain-barrier, and limited understanding of relevant pathophysiology. The book also focuses on different conventional and novel strategies for drug delivery in neurological disorders. Towards the end, the book reviews the applications of nanotechnology for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. One of the chapters is focused on the role of herbal actives in the treatment of neurological disorders. Finally, a chapter is included on nanotechnology-based approaches for diagnosis of neurological disorders. This book is a useful resource for students and researchers of pharmaceutical sciences, life sciences, material sciences, and nanosciences.

Cochlear implants have instigated a popular but controversial revolution in the treatment of deafness. This book discusses the physiological bases of using artificial devices to electrically stimulate the brain to interpret sounds. As the first successful device to restore neural function, the cochlear implant serves as a model for research in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. These and other auditory prostheses are discussed in the context of historical treatments, engineering, psychophysics and clinical issues as well as implications for speech, behavior, cognition and long-term effects on people.

This book provides the basic concepts and latest findings on kokumi substances. It covers not only the topics related to food chemistry, but also the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the perception of kokumi substances.

This book provides an answer to the readers about scientific perspective on learning. It presents a culminating point of four different kinds of studies designed to measure and understand the nuances of brain functioning. The objective of this book is to find answers to four questions: (1) can there be a neuroscientific understanding of the concept of individual differences? (2) does rhythmic sound or noise have an impact on decision making? (3) how does transfer of learning between the hemispheres facilitate the learning process? and lastly (4) beyond the accepted ways of communicating verbally and non-verbally is silent communication possible? This book makes an attempt to address these issues through various aspects of inner-conscious engineering.