"Biochemistry Bootcamp: A 30-Day Crash Course"

The Verilog hardware description language (HDL) provides the ability to describe digital and analog systems. This ability spans the range from descriptions that express conceptual and architectural design to detailed descriptions of implementations in gates and transistors. Verilog was developed originally at Gateway Design Automation Corporation during the mid-eighties. Tools to verify designs expressed in Verilog were implemented at the same time and marketed. Now Verilog is an open standard of IEEE with the number 1364. Verilog HDL is now used universally for digital designs in ASIC, FPGA, microprocessor, DSP and many other kinds of design-centers and is supported by most of the EDA companies. The research and education that is conducted in many universities is also using Verilog. This book introduces the Verilog hardware description language and describes it in a comprehensive manner. Verilog HDL was originally developed and specified with the intent of use with a simulator. Semantics of the language had not been fully described until now. In this book, each feature of the language is described using semantic introduction, syntax and examples. Chapter 4 leads to the full semantics of the language by providing definitions of terms, and explaining data structures and algorithms. The book is written with the approach that Verilog is not only a simulation or synthesis language, or a formal method of describing design, but a complete language addressing all of these aspects. This book covers many aspects of Verilog HDL that are essential parts of any design process.

In August of 2006, an engineering VP from one of Altera’s customers approached Misha Burich, VP of Engineering at Altera, asking for help in reliably being able to predict the cost, schedule and quality of system designs reliant on FPGA designs. At this time, I was responsible for defining the design flow requirements for the Altera design software and was tasked with investigating this further. As I worked with the customer to understand what worked and what did not work reliably in their FPGA design process, I noted that this problem was not unique to this one customer. The characteristics of the problem are shared by many Corporations that implement designs in FPGAs. The Corporation has many design teams at different locations and the success of the FPGA projects vary between the teams. There is a wide range of design experience across the teams. There is no working process for sharing design blocks between engineering teams. As I analyzed the data that I had received from hundreds of customer visits in the past, I noticed that design reuse among engineering teams was a challenge. I also noticed that many of the design teams at the same Companies and even within the same design team used different design methodologies. Altera had recently solved this problem as part of its own FPGA design software and IP development process.

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as an attractive means of implementing logic circuits, providing instant manufacturing turnaround and negligible prototype costs. They hold the promise of replacing much of the VLSI market now held by mask-programmed gate arrays. FPGAs offer an affordable solution for customized VLSI, over a wide variety of applications, and have also opened up new possibilities in designing reconfigurable digital systems.

This book presents a new FPGA architecture known as tree-based FPGA architecture, due to its hierarchical nature. This type of architecture has been relatively unexplored despite their better performance and predictable routing behavior, as compared to mesh-based FPGA architectures. In this book, we explore and optimize the tree-based architecture and we evaluate it by comparing it to equivalent mesh-based FPGA architectures.

This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive Radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to Software Defined Radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive Radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard.

Embedded processors are the heart of embedded systems. Reconfigurable embedded processors comprise an extended instruction set that is implemented using a reconfigurable fabric (similar to a field-programmable gate array, FPGA). This book presents novel concepts, strategies, and implementations to increase the run-time adaptivity of reconfigurable embedded processors. Concepts and techniques are presented in an accessible, yet rigorous context. A complex, realistic H.264 video encoder application with a high demand for adaptivity is presented and used as an example for motivation throughout the book. A novel, run-time system is demonstrated to exploit the potential for adaptivity and particular approaches/algorithms are presented to implement it.

Logic Synthesis and Optimization presents up-to-date research information in a pedagogical form. The authors are recognized as the leading experts on the subject. The focus of the book is on logic minimization and includes such topics as two-level minimization, multi-level minimization, application of binary decision diagrams, delay optimization, asynchronous circuits, spectral method for logic design, field programmable gate array (FPGA) design, EXOR logic synthesis and technology mapping. Examples and illustrations are included so that each contribution can be read independently. Logic Synthesis and Optimization is an indispensable reference for academic researchers as well as professional CAD engineers.

Field-Programmable Gate Array Technology by Stephen M. Trimberger
English | PDF | 1994 | 271 Pages | ISBN : 0792394194 | 20.1 MB
Many different kinds of FPGAs exist, with different programming technologies, different architectures and different software. Field-Programmable Gate Array Technology describes the major FPGA architectures available today, covering the three programming technologies that are in use and the major architectures built on those programming technologies. The reader is introduced to concepts relevant to the entire field of FPGAs using popular devices as examples.

Our purpose in writing this book was two-fold. First, we wanted to compile a chronology of the research in the field of mixed-mode simulation over the last ten to fifteen years. A substantial amount of work was done during this period of time but most of it was published in archival form in Masters theses and Ph. D. dissertations. Since the interest in mixed-mode simulation is growing, and a thorough review of the state-of-the-art in the area was not readily available, we thought it appropriate to publish the information in the form of a book. Secondly, we wanted to provide enough information to the reader so that a proto­ type mixed-mode simulator could be developed using the algorithms in this book. The SPLICE family of programs is based on the algorithms and techniques described in this book and so it can also serve as docu­ mentation for these programs. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to dedicate this book to Prof. D. O. Peder­ son for inspiring this research work and for providing many years of support and encouragement The authors enjoyed many fruitful discus­ sions and collaborations with Jim Kleckner, Young Kim, Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, and Jacob White, and we thank them for their contributions. We also thank the countless others who participated in the research work and read early versions of this book. Lillian Beck provided many useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Yun­ cheng Ju did the artwork for the illustrations.

Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences.