Python – Beyond the Basics

Python – Beyond the Basics deepens and broadens your knowledge of Python, a dynamic language popular for web development, big data, science, and scripting.

Python – Beyond the Basics builds directly on the foundations laid in our introductory Python course, Python Fundamentals. Python is a great dynamic language for web development, big data, science, and scripting. In this course we add breadth and depth to your Python skills, exploring the topics you'll need to create robust and readable applications of any size. On completing this course, you'll be familiar with the majority of Python techniques and constructs used in Python programs. Crucially, we'll also advise you on when – and when not – to use the different tools available in Python to best effect, to maximize the quality of your code, your productivity, and the joy inherent in coding in Python.

Content:

Prerequisites
- Prerequisites

Organizing Larger Programs
- Packages
- Imports From sys.path
- Implementing Packages
- Subpackages
- Example: A Full Program
- Relative Imports
- Controlling Imports With __all__
- Namespace Packages
- Executable Directories
- Recommended Layout
- Duck Tails: Modules Are Singletons
- Summary

Beyond Basic Functions
- Function Review
- Callable Instances
- Classes Are Callable
- Conditional Expressions
- Lambdas
- Detecting Callable Objects
- Extended Formal Argument Syntax
- Extended Call Syntax
- Forwarding Arguments
- Duck Tail: Transposing Tables
- Summary

Closures and Decorators
- Local Functions
- Returning Functions From Functions
- Closures and Nested Scopes
- Function Factories
- The Nonlocal Keyword
- Function Decorators
- A First Decorator Example
- What Can Be a Decorator?
- Instances as Decorators
- Multiple Decorators
- Decorating Methods
- functools.wraps()
- Duck Tails: Validating Arguments
- Summary

Properties and Class Methods
- Class Attributes
- Static Methods
- Class Methods
- Static Methods With Inheritance
- Class Methods With Inheritance
- Properties
- Properties and Inheritance
- Duck Tail: The Template Method Pattern
- Summary

Strings and Representations
- Two String Representations
- repr()
- str()
- When Are the Representations Used?
- Interaction With format()
- reprlib
- asciii(), ord(), and chr()
- Duck Tail: Bigger Isn't Always Better
- Summary

Numeric and Scalar Types
- Reviewing int and float
- The Decimal Module and the Decimal Type
- Rational Numbers With the Fraction Type
- The Complex Type and the cmath Module
- Built-In Numeric Functions abs() and round()
- Number Base Conversions
- The datetime Module and date Type
- The time Type
- The datetime Type
- Durations With the timedelta Type
- Arithmetic With datetime
- Time Zones
- Duck Tail: Floating Point Versus Rational Numbers
- Summary

Iterables and Iteration
- Multi-Input Comprehensions
- Nested Comprehensions
- The map() Function
- Multiple Input Sequences
- map() Versus Comprehensions
- The filter() Function
- The functools.reduce() Function
- Combining map() and reduce()
- The Iteration Protocols
- Putting the Protocols Together
- Alternative Iterable Protocol
- Extended iter() Format
- Duck Tail: Iterator for Streamed Sensor Data
- Summary

Inheritance and Subtype Polymorphism
- Inheritance Overview
- A Realistic Example: SortedList
- The Built-In isinstance() Function
- The Built-In issubclass() Function
- Multiple Inheritance
- Details of Multiple Inheritance
- Method Resolution Order
- How is Method Resolution Order Calculated?
- The Built-In super() Function
- Class-Bound Super Proxies
- Instance-Bound Super Proxies
- Calling super() Without Arguments
- SortedIntList Explained
- The Object Class
- Duck Tail: Inheritance for Implementation Sharing
- Summary

Implementing Collections
- Collection Protocol Overview
- Collection Construction
- The Container Protocol
- The Sized Protocol
- The Iterable Protocol
- The Sequence Protocol: Indexing
- The Sequence Protocol: Slicing
- Comprehensible Test Results With __repr__()
- Implementing Equality and Inequality
- The Sequence Protocol: Reversing
- The Sequence Protocol: index()
- The Sequence Protocol: count()
- Improving Performance From O(N) to O(log n)
- Refactoring to Avoid Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)
- Checking Protocol Implementations
- The Sequence Protocol: Concatenation and Repetition
- The Set Protocol
- Duck Tail: Making a Mutable Set
- Summary

Exceptions and Errors
- Always Specify an Exception Type
- The Standard Exception Hierarchy
- Exception Payloads
- Defining New Exceptions
- Chaining Exceptions
- Traceback Objects
- Assertions: Internal Invariants
- Assertions: Class Invariants
- Assertions: Performance
- Duck Tail: Preconditions and Postconditions
- Summary

Defining Context Managers
- What is a Context Manager?
- The Context Manager Protocol
- A First Context Manager Example
- __enter__()
- __exit__()
- __exit__() and Exception Propagation
- The with-statement Expansion
- contextlib.contextmanager
- Multiple Context Managers
- Don't Pass a List!
- Duck Tail: Context Managers for Transactions
- Summary

Introspection
- Object Types in Depth
- Introspecting Objects
- Introspecting Scopes
- The Python Standard Library Inspect Module
- Duck Tail: An Object Introspection Tool
- Summary

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