Trade in Services Related to Climate Change: An Exploratory Analysis

This paper aims to develop a better understanding of the specific roles that these services play in helping to mitigate GHG emissions, and to identify the major suppliers and consumers. It presents examples and mini-case studies that explore how particular services complement the deployment of GHG mitigating technologies.



The deployment of technologies for the mitigation of greenhouse-gases (GHGs) is dependent on a wide range of services, including those that are imported.
Business services, telecommunications services, and construction and related engineering services figure prominently.
With respect to the four modes of services trade, instances of mode 1 (cross-border trade) trade taking place over the Internet appear to be more commonplace, often complementing movement of personnel.
Examples of mode 2 trade (consumption abroad) typically involve training of a client’s personnel. Mode 3 trade (commercial presence) is critical for the provision of services that entail construction and operation of production facilities. The temporary movement of natural persons (mode 4) is also common, es

Table of contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Method And Scope
Examples Of Prominent Services Related To Ghg Mitigation And Adaptation
Services associated with renewable-energy-based electricity
Services associated with fossil-fueled electricity production
Services associated with steel production
Finding leaks in natural-gas pipelines
Biogas production
Landfill-gas recovery and treatmen
Energy performance contracting for buildings
Data-analysis services
Eco-travelling and eco-logistics services
Services associated with co2 capture and storage
Carbon-market services
Findings
Concluding remarks
References