Technology Roadmap: Energy-efficient Buildings: Heating and Cooling Equipment

The Energy-Efficient Buildings: Heating and Cooling Equipment Roadmap sets out a detailed pathway for the evolution and deployment of the key underlying technologies. It finds that urgent action is required if the building stock of the future is to consume less energy and result in lower CO2 emissions. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision.



Buildings account for almost a third of final energy consumption globally and are an equally important source of CO2 emissions. Currently, both space heating and cooling as well as hot water are estimated to account for roughly half of global energy consumption in buildings. Energy-efficient and low/zero-carbon heating and cooling technologies for buildings have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 2 gigatonnes (Gt) and save 710 million tonnes oil equivalent (Mtoe) of energy by 2050. Most of these technologies – which include solar thermal, combined heat and power (CHP), heat pumps and thermal energy storage – are commercially available today.

Table of contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Key Findings
Rationale and Scope
Roadmap rationale
Roadmap scope
Status of Heating and Cooling Technologies Today
Overview
Active solar thermal
Combined heat and power
Heat pumps
Thermal energy storage
Vision for Heating and Cooling Technology Deployment
Roadmap vision
BLUE Map scenario targets and assumptions
Deployment goals
Cost reduction and performance goals
Technology Development: Milestones and Actions
Invest in additional research, development and demonstration
Active solar thermal
Combined heat and power
Heat pumps
Thermal energy storage
Heating and Cooling Technology Policy: Strategic Goals and Actions
Strategic policy goals
Specific policy recommendations
International collaboration
Conclusions: Near-term Actions for Stakeholders
Appendix I. References
Appendix II. Abbreviations and Acronyms