Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment: A Study of the Craft in London, Paris, Prague, Vienna and Philadelphia, 2nd Ed.
Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment: A Study of the Craft in London, Paris, Prague, Vienna and Philadelphia, 2nd Edition by R. William Weisberger
English | September 8th, 2017 | ASIN: B075H4T7FB, ISBN: 1476669139 | 240 Pages | EPUB | 2.91 MB
English | September 8th, 2017 | ASIN: B075H4T7FB, ISBN: 1476669139 | 240 Pages | EPUB | 2.91 MB
Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or “speculative Freemasonry.”
The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts.
This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.
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