Programming Principle & Algorithm

SYLLABUS- PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLE & ALGORITHM,
Unit–I
Introduction to ‘C’ Language: History, Structures of ‘C’ Programming, Function as building blocks.
Language Fundamentals: Character set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Constant, Data Types, Comments.
Unit–II
Operators: Types of operators, Precedence and Associativity, Expression, Statement and types of statements.
Build in Operators and Function: Console based I/O and related built in I/O function: printf(), scanf(), getch(), getchar(), putchar(); Concept of header files, Preprocessor directives: #include, #define.
Unit–III
Control Structures: Decision making structures: If, If-else, Nested If-else, Switch; Loop Control Structures: While, Do-while, for Nested for loop; Other statements: Break, Continue, Goto, Exit.
Unit–IV
Introduction to Problem Solving: Concept–Problem solving, Problem solving techniques (Trail & Error, Brain Stroming, Divide & Conquer).
Steps in problem solving (Define problem, Analyze problem, Explore solution).
Algorithms and flowcharts (Definitions, Symbols), Characteristics of an algorithm Conditionals in pseudo-code, Loops in pseudo code.
Time Complexity: Big-Oh notation, Efficiency.
Simple Examples: Algorithms and flowcharts (Real life examples).
Unit–V
Simple Arithmetic Problems: Addition/Multiplication of integers, Determining if a number is+ ve/–ve/ even/odd, Maximum of 2 numbers, 3 numbers, Sum of first n numbers, Given n numbers, Integer division, Digit reversing, Table generation for n, ab, Factorial, sine series, cosine series, nCr, Pascal triangle, Prime number, Factors of a number, Other problems such as perfect number, GCD numbers etc. (Write algorithms and draw flowchart), Swapping.
Unit–VI
Functions: Basic types of function, Declaration and definition, Function call, Types of function, Parameter passing, Call by value, Call by reference, Scope of variable, Storage classes, Recursion.