Mass Transfer Principles For Vapor-Liquid Unit Operations

The Principles required to understand Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, Flashing, Gas Treating, Scrubbing and more!

What you'll learn

Mass Transfer Basics (Diffusion, Convection, Concentration Gradient)

Concepts such as Vapor Pressure, Partial Pressure, Volatility, Solubility

Ideal vs. Real Cases

Flux, Mass Transfer, Mass Flow, Molecular Diffusion, Eddy diffusion

The Concept of Equilibrium in Solubility & Vapor-Liquid

Gibbs Phase Rule for Binary Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)

Models for Vapor Liquid: Henry's Law, Raoult's Law

Deviations such as Azeotropes

Molecular Diffusion - Fick's Law

Diffusion Coefficient aka Diffusivity

Equimolar Counter Diffusion vs. Unimolecular Diffusion

Convective & Interphase Mass Transfer

Mass Transfer Coefficient (Local vs. Overall)

Theories for Interphase Mass Transfer: Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal, Surface Stretch

Two Film Theory

Mass Transfer Principles applied to Industry - Gas absorption & Distillation

Requirements

Basic Sciences (Chemistry & Physics)

Description

Introduction:This course covers all the theory required to understand the basic principles behind Unit Operations that are based on Mass Transfer. Most of these Unit Operations (Equipments) are used in Process Separation Technologies in the Industry.Common examples are Distillation, Absorption and Scrubbing.This course is required for the following:Flash DistillationGas Absorption & StrippingSimple DistillationBatch DistillationBinary DistillationFractional DistillationScrubbersGas TreatingSprayers / Spray TowersBubble Columns / Sparged VesselsAgitation VesselsPacked TowersTray TowersWe will cover:Mass Transfer BasicsDiffusion, ConvectionFlux & Fick's LawThe Concept of Equilibrium & PhasesGibbs Phase RuleVapor PressureEquilibrium Vapor-Liquid Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)Equilibrium CurvesDew Point, Bubble PointVolatility (Absolute & Relative)K-ValuesIdeal Cases vs. Real CasesHenry's LawRaoult's LawDeviations of Ideal Cases (Positive and Negative)AzeotropesSolubility of Gases in LiquidsInterphase Mass Transfer and its TheoriesTwo Film TheoryMass Transfer Coefficients (Overall vs Local)Getting Vapor-Liquid and Solubility DataSolved-Problem Approach:All theory is backed with:ExercisesSolved problemsProposed problemsHomeworkCase StudiesIndividual StudyAt the end of the course:You will be able to understand the mass transfer concepts behind various Unit Operations involving Vapor - Liquid Interaction. You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations related to Mass Transfer Vapor - Liquid, which is one of the most common interactions found in the industry.About your instructor:I majored in Chemical Engineering with a minor in Industrial Engineering back in 2012.I worked as a Process Design/Operation Engineer in INEOS Koln, mostly on the petrochemical area relating to naphtha treating. There I designed and modeled several processes relating separation of isopentane/pentane mixtures, catalytic reactors and separation processes such as distillation columns, flash separation devices and transportation of tank-trucks of product.

Overview

Section 1: Introduction

Lecture 1 Introduction/Welcome

Lecture 2 Index Content

Lecture 3 Goals & Objectives

Lecture 4 Why Mass Transfer in Vap-Liq?

Lecture 5 Difference between a Vapor and a Gas

Lecture 6 Task – Check out my old Video on Vap vs. Gas

Lecture 7 What are Vapor-Liquid Processes?

Lecture 8 Absorption, Desorption, Stripping & Scrubbing

Lecture 9 Task – Amine Gas Treating

Lecture 10 Distillation Types

Lecture 11 Task – Distillation Process

Lecture 12 Resources for this Course (PDF, Spreadsheets, Slideshows, Simulations, etc.)

Lecture 13 Animations - CFD Wolfram Files

Lecture 14 Exercise Problem Statements (PDF)

Lecture 15 Spreadsheets, Graphs & Tables

Lecture 16 Tasks of the Course

Lecture 17 Reference Used

Lecture 18 Some Notes…

Lecture 19 Join the Groups!

Lecture 20 Contact me

Section 2: Equilibrium Fundamentals

Lecture 21 Section 2 - Overview

Lecture 22 2.1 Basic Topics in Equilibrium

Lecture 23 Ideal Gas

Lecture 24 Ideal Solution

Lecture 25 Concept of Ideality

Lecture 26 Real Gas - Overview

Lecture 27 Ex. Ideal vs. Real Gas Conditions

Lecture 28 Animation - Compressibility Factor Charts

Lecture 29 Non-Ideal Solution

Lecture 30 Vapor Pressure

Lecture 31 Partial Pressure

Lecture 32 Partial Pressure vs. Vapor Pressure

Lecture 33 Animation- Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Lecture 34 Ex. Calculate Vapor & Pressure

Lecture 35 Task – Partial & Vapor Pressure

Lecture 36 What is a Phase?

Lecture 37 The Concept of Solubility

Lecture 38 Animation: Dissolving a Solute

Lecture 39 General Concept of Equilibrium

Lecture 40 Phase Equilibrium

Lecture 41 Solubility Concept

Lecture 42 2.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

Lecture 43 What is Phase Equilibrium?(VLE Pure)

Lecture 44 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE Binary)

Lecture 45 Animation: P-x-y and T-x-y Diagrams for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE)

Lecture 46 Volatility (Chemistry)

Lecture 47 Task - Volatilities

Lecture 48 Relative Volatility

Lecture 49 Special Case: Constant Relative Volatility

Lecture 50 Animation: Flash Distillation of a Constant Relative Volatility Mixture

Lecture 51 K-Values

Lecture 52 Task – Calculate a K-Value

Lecture 53 Animation - K-value of Several Hydrocarbons versus Temperature and Pressure

Lecture 54 2.3 Equilibrium Diagrams

Lecture 55 Equilibrium Diagrams

Lecture 56 Gibbs Phase Rule

Lecture 57 Phase Rule & Diagrams

Lecture 58 Animation: Gibbs Phase Rule for One- and Two-Component Systems

Lecture 59 Task – Prove Phase Rule for VLE

Lecture 60 Binary Diagrams

Lecture 61 XY Diagrams

Lecture 62 Task – XY Diagram

Lecture 63 T-XY Diagram

Lecture 64 Bubble Point

Lecture 65 Dew Point

Lecture 66 T-XY Diagram - Analysis

Lecture 67 Task – Txy Diagram

Lecture 68 Animation: Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (VLLE)

Lecture 69 P-XY Diagram - Analysis

Lecture 70 Task - Reading a P-xy Diagram

Lecture 71 2.4 VLE Thermodynamics

Lecture 72 Thermodynamics Fundamentals

Lecture 73 Solving Ideal Cases

Lecture 74 Solving via Activity Models

Lecture 75 Task – Activity Models

Lecture 76 Solving Equation of States (EOS)

Lecture 77 Task – Fitting Data to Peng Robinson EOS

Lecture 78 Cases

Lecture 79 Case 1: Ideal Solution – Ideal Gas

Lecture 80 Raoult’s Law

Lecture 81 Ex. 1 - Raoult’s Law Application

Lecture 82 K-Values - Revisited

Lecture 83 Case 2: Real Solution – Ideal Gas

Lecture 84 Case 3: Ideal Solution – Real Gas

Lecture 85 Case 4: Real Solution – Real Gas

Lecture 86 Cases Conclusion

Lecture 87 2.5 Deviations: Azeotropes

Lecture 88 Deviations

Lecture 89 Animation: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagram for Non-Ideal Mixture

Lecture 90 Azeotropes

Lecture 91 Animation: Azeotropes of Binary Mixtures Containing Ethanol

Lecture 92 Minimum-boiling azeotrope

Lecture 93 Maximum-boiling azeotrope

Lecture 94 Task – Identify Azeotrope Type

Lecture 95 EXTRA: Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures

Lecture 96 2.6 Getting VLE Data on Aspen Plus

Lecture 97 What is Aspen Plus?

Lecture 98 Getting VLE Data from AP

Lecture 99 Task: Graphing Txy Data with Binary Analysis Tools

Lecture 100 Getting VLE Data from NIST

Lecture 101 Task: Extracting Binary Data using NIST Database

Lecture 102 2.7 Gas Solubility in Liquids

Lecture 103 Gas Solubility in Liquids an Overview

Lecture 104 Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve

Lecture 105 Examples - Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve

Lecture 106 Task – Equilibrium Distribution Curve Analysis

Lecture 107 Gas Solubility in Liquids - Analysis

Lecture 108 Henry’s Law

Lecture 109 Animation: Henry's Law for Gases Dissolved in Water

Lecture 110 Animation: Temperature Dependence of Henry's Law Constant

Lecture 111 Ex Henry’s Law for Solubility

Lecture 112 Section 2 - Closure

Section 3: Molecular Diffusion

Lecture 113 Section 3 - Overview

Lecture 114 Before we Start

Lecture 115 3.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer

Lecture 116 What is Mass Transfer?

Lecture 117 Types of Mass Transfer

Lecture 118 Introduction to Mass Diffusion

Lecture 119 Task - Molecular Diffusion in Dyes

Lecture 120 Animation: Diffusion of Gases in a Tube

Lecture 121 The Concept of Velocity in MT

Lecture 122 What is Flux? Na

Lecture 123 What is Flux? Ja

Lecture 124 Ex. Mass Flux & Mass Velocities

Lecture 125 What is Molecular Diffusion?

Lecture 126 Diffusion of Gases

Lecture 127 Eddys vs. Molecular Diffusion

Lecture 128 Task – Identify Molecular Diffusion vs. Convective MT

Lecture 129 Diffusivity aka Diffusion Coefficient - DAB

Lecture 130 Animation: Binary Diffusion Coefficients for Gases

Lecture 131 Animation: Diffusion Coefficients for Multicomponent Gases

Lecture 132 3.2 Fick’s Law

Lecture 133 Models for Diffusion

Lecture 134 Fick’s Law

Lecture 135 Animation: Steady-State Binary Fickian Diffusion

Lecture 136 Understanding Applications

Lecture 137 Case (A) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion (EMD)

Lecture 138 Ex 1. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion

Lecture 139 Ex 2. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion

Lecture 140 Tip - Position vs Time in Diffusion Cases

Lecture 141 Ex 3. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion

Lecture 142 Ex 4. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion

Lecture 143 Case (B) Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)

Lecture 144 About Case Studies in Molecular Diffusion…

Lecture 145 Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Concentrations

Lecture 146 Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Partial Pressures

Lecture 147 Unimolecular Diffusion Equations for Molar Fractions

Lecture 148 Summary of Molecular Diffusion Equations Expression

Lecture 149 Ex 1. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)

Lecture 150 Ex 2. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)

Lecture 151 Ex 3. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)

Lecture 152 Section 3 - Closure

Section 4: Convective Mass Transfer & MT Coefficients

Lecture 153 Section 4 - Overview

Lecture 154 4.1 Introduction to Convective Mass Transfer

Lecture 155 Overview of Convective Mass Transfer

Lecture 156 Mass Transfer Cases

Lecture 157 Task – Convective Mass Transfer

Lecture 158 Convective Mass Transfer

Lecture 159 4.2 Mass Transfer Coefficients

Lecture 160 Mass Transfer Coefficients

Lecture 161 MTC for Molecular Diffusion

Lecture 162 Mass Transfer Diffusion Cases EMD & UMD

Lecture 163 Mass Transfer Coefficient for Equimolar Counter-Diffusion

Lecture 164 Ex 1. MT Coefficient in EMD

Lecture 165 Mass Transfer Coefficient for Unimolecular Diffusion

Lecture 166 Ex. 1 MT Coefficient in UMD

Lecture 167 Ex. 2 MT Coefficient in UMD

Lecture 168 Mass Transfer Coefficient - Summary of Equations & Cases

Lecture 169 Volumetric MT Coefficients

Lecture 170 Analogies: Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer

Lecture 171 Task – Chilton Colburn Analogy

Lecture 172 4.3 MT Coefficient Correlations

Lecture 173 Mass Transfer Correlations

Lecture 174 Mass Transfer Correlation for Fluids flowing through Pipes

Lecture 175 Ex. 1 MTC Correlation for Fluids Flowing Through Pipes

Lecture 176 Mass Transfer Correlation for Packed Beds

Lecture 177 Ex. 2 MTC Correlation for Single Phase Flow Through Packed Bed

Lecture 178 More on MTC Correlations

Lecture 179 Section 4 - Closure

Section 5: Interphase Mass Transfer

Lecture 180 Section 5 - Overview

Lecture 181 5.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer within Interphases

Lecture 182 Introduction- Mass Transfer Interphases

Lecture 183 What is an Interphase?

Lecture 184 REVISITED - Equilibrium

Lecture 185 Raoult’s Law - Revisited

Lecture 186 Example 3.1 Application of Raoult’s Law to a Binary System

Lecture 187 Revisiting Henry's Law

Lecture 188 Example 3.2 Henry's Law: Saturation of Water with Oxygen

Lecture 189 5.2 Theories for Diffusion between Phases

Lecture 190 Interphase Mass Transfer

Lecture 191 Theories for Interphase MT

Lecture 192 Original Film Theory

Lecture 193 Ex 3.17 Mass-Transfer Flux in a Packed Absorption Tower.

Lecture 194 The Penetration Theory

Lecture 195 Surface Renewal Theory

Lecture 196 Film Penetration Model

Lecture 197 Surface-Stretch Theory

Lecture 198 Summary of Interphase Theories

Lecture 199 The Two-Film / Two Resistance Theory

Lecture 200 5.3 Two Film Theory Applied to Industrial Processes

Lecture 201 Films in Gas Absorption

Lecture 202 Film Concept in Mass Transfer

Lecture 203 Film-Film interaction in the Two Resistance Theory

Lecture 204 Two-Film Theory and Equilibrium Solubility Curve

Lecture 205 Analysis of Mass Transfer Process using Two-Film Theory

Lecture 206 Film MT Coefficients

Lecture 207 Local MTC: kx, ky

Lecture 208 Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients

Lecture 209 Task – Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients

Lecture 210 Local vs. Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients Summary

Lecture 211 Mass Transfer Resistance

Lecture 212 Analysis of Gas Solubility

Lecture 213 Ex. Mass Transfer Resistances in Absorption of Ammonia by Water (Local/Overall)

Lecture 214 Absorption of SO2 into Water (Local & Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients)

Lecture 215 Section 5 - Closure

Section 6: Conclusion

Lecture 216 Course Wrap-up

Lecture 217 What we learnt!

Lecture 218 Continue your Training!

Engineers,Chemical Engineers,Engineering Students,Process engineers,Petroleum Engineers,Petrochemical Engineers