"The Geology of Fluvial Deposits: Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis, and Petroleum Geology" by Andrew D. Miall (Repost)

Fluvial deposits are a sensitive indicator of tectonic processes, and also carry subtle signatures of the climate at the time of deposition. They are the hosts for many petroleum and mineral deposits. This book is about all these subjects.
The book is intended for advanced students, researchers, and professionals. Extensive references have been made to the published literature, and hundreds of examples and diagrams have been provided.

The first part of the book, following a historical introduction, constructs the stratigraphic framework of fluvial deposits, step by step, starting with lithofacies, combining these into architectural elements and other facies associations, and then showing how these, in turn, combine to represent distinctive fluvial styles. The discussion turns to problems of correlation and the building of large-scale stratigraphic frameworks. These basin-scale constructions form the basis for a discussion of causes and processes, including autogenic processes of channel shifting and cyclicity, and the larger questions of allogenic (tectonic, eustatic, and climatic) sedimentary controls and the development of our ideas about nonmarine sequence stratigraphy.
The final chapters address issues of concern to petroleum geologists. The geometry of reservoirs is discussed, and primary reservoir heterogeneities are evaluated from the point of view of fades architecture and porosity permeability characteristics. Lastly, the stratigraphic and tectonic distribution of petroleum reservoirs is analyzed, leading to a stratigraphic-tectonic classification of oil and gas fields in fluvial deposits, and a description of selected case examples.

Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope and Purpose of Book
1.2 Data Sources
2 Historical Background
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Early Developments in the Study of Fluvial Sediments
2.2.1 From the Ancient Greeks to Playfair
2.2.2 From Lyell to Davis
2.3 Growth of Present-Day Concepts, up to 1977
2.3.1 Increasing Specialization of the Twentieth Century
2.3.2 Descriptive Fluvial Geomorphology
2.3.3 Quantitative Fluvial Geomorphology
2.3.4 Sediment Transport and Textural Studies
2.3.5 Bedforms and Paleocurrents
2.3.6 Fluvial Fades Models
2.3.6.1 From Hobbs to Fisk
2.3.6.2 Meandering River Deposits: Development of Modern Fades Model Concepts
2.3.6.3 Braided Rivers
2.3.6.4 Alluvial Fans
2.3.6.5 Other Fades Models
2.3.7 Fluvial Architecture
2.3.8 Paleohydraulks
2.4 Growth of Present-Day Concepts, 1978-1988
2.4.1 Bedforms and Sedimentary Structures
2.4.2 The Decline and Fall of the Vertical Profile
2.4.3 Fluvial Architecture
2.4.3.1 Architectural Scale and the Bounding-Surface Concept
2.4.3.2 Alluvial Basin Architecture
2.4.4 Fluvial Styles
2.4.4.1 High- Sinuosity Rivers
2.4.4.2 Low-Sinuosity Rivers
2.4.4.3 Anastomosed Rivers
2.4.4.4 Ephemeral Rivers
2.4.4.3 Large Rivers
2.4.4.5 Floodplain Environments
2.5 Conclusions
3.1 Time Scales and Physical Scales in Sedimentation|
3.2 The Grouping of Architectural Units in Clastic Rocks According to Deposhional Time Scale
3.3 Definition of Sediment Groups by Bounding Surfaces
3.4 Sedimentation Rate and Its Relation to Deposhional Recurrence Interval
3.5 Application of Scale Concepts to Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geolog)'
4 Methods of Architectural-Element Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Construction of Outcrop Profiles
4.3 Classification of ^thofacies
4.4 Principles of Paleocurrent Analysis
4.5 Classification of Bounding Surfaces
4.6 Classification of Architectural Elements
4.7 Classification of Channels and Larger Bodies
4 8 Annotation of Outcrop Profiles
4.9 Summary of Methods
5 Uthofacies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Gravel Facies
5.2.1 Depositional Processes in Gravel-Bed Rivers
5.2.1.1 Introduction
5.2.1.2 Traction Currents, Fluid Flows
5.2.1.3 Sediment Gravity Flows
5.2.2 Gravel Lhhofacies
5.3 Sand Facies
5.3.1 Sand Bedform Genesis and Classification
5.3.2 Sand Lhhofacies
5.4 Fine-Grained Clastic Facies
5.5 Nonclastic Facies
5.6 Associated Facies
6 Architectural Elements Formed Within Channels
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Channels (Element CH)
63 Gravel Bars and Bedforms (Element GB)
6.4 Sediment-Gravity-FlowDeposits (Element SG)
6.5 Sandy Bedforms (Element SB)
6.6 Downstream-Accretion Macroforms (Element DA)
6.7 Lateral-Accretion Deposits (Element LA)
6.8 Laminated Sand Sheets (Element LS)
6.9 Hollows (Element HO)
7 Architectural Elements of the Overbank Environment
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Levee and Crevasse Deposits
7.2.1 Levee Deposits (Element LV)
7.2.2 Crevasse-Channel Deposits (Element CRJ
7.2.3 Crevasse-Splay Deposits (Element CS)
7.3 Fine- Grained Clastic Deposits
7.3.1 Floodplain Fines (Element FF)
7.3.2 Abandoned Channel Fills (Element FF(CH))
7.4 Biochemical Sediments
7.4.1 Coal
7.4.2 Paleosols
7.4.3 Evaporites
8 Fluvial Styles and Facies Models
8.1 Controls on Channel Style
8.2 Facies Models
8.2.1 Gravel* Bed Braided River with Sediment-Gravhy-Flow Deposits
8.2.2 Shallow, Gravel-Bed Braided River
8.2.3 Deep, Gravel-Bed Braided River
8.2.4 Gravel-Bed, Wandering River
8.2.5 Gravel-Bed, Meandering River
8.2.6 Gravel-Sand Meandering River
8.2.7 Sand-Bed Meandering River
8.2.8 Ephemeral, Sand-Bed Meandering River
8.2.9 Fine-Grained Meandering River
8.2.10 Anastomosed River
8.2.11 Low-Sinuosity River, with Alternate Bars
8.2.12 Shallow, Perennial, Sand-Bed Braided River
8.2.13 Deep, Perennial, Sand-Bed Braided River
8.2.14 High-Energy, Sand-Bed Braided River
8.2.15 Distal, Sheetflood, Sand-Bed River
8.2.16 Flashy, Ephemeral, Sheetflood, Sand-Bed River
8.3 Alluvial Fans and Other Fluvial Distributary Systems
9 The Stratigraphic Architecture of Fhivia 1 Repositional Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Channel Belts
9.3 Deposhional Systems
9.4 Basin-fill Complexes
9.5 Methods of Correlation and Mapping
9.5.1 The Use of Marker Beds
9.5.2 Wireline Logs
9.5.3 Lithofacies Mapping,
9.5.4 Seismic Methods
9.5.5 Ground-Penetrating Radar
9.5.6 Magnetostratigraphy
9.5.7 Paleocurrent Analysis
9.5.8 TheDipmeter
9.5.9 Surveillance Geology'
9.6 Stratigraphic Nomenclature
10 Fluvial Depositions! Systems and Autogenic Sedimentary Controls
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Evolution of Distributary' Fluvial Systems
10.3 Avulsion in Fluvial Systems and Its Effect on Alluvial Stratigraphy
10.3.1 The Development of Meander Belts
10.3.2 Avulsion in Braided Fluvial Systems
10.3.3 Avulsion in Anastomosed Fluvial Systems
10.4 Quantitative Studies of Alluvial Architecture
10.4.1 The Dimensions of Fluvial Sand Bodies
10.4.2 Estimating Probabilities of Sand Body Penetration and Interconnectedness in the Subsurface
10.4.3 Alluvial Stratigraphy Models
11 Tectonic Control of Fluvial Sedimentation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tectonic Control of Alluvial Stratigraphy
11.2.1 The Effects of Syndepositional Fault and Fold Movements
11.2.1.1 The Effects of Basin-Margin Faulting
11.2.1.2 The Effects of Faulting and Folding Within Basins
11.2.2 Base-Level Changes
11.3 Tectonic Control of Basin Style and Basin-Scale Fluvial Patterns –––
11.3.1 Big Rivers
11.3.2 Axial and Transverse Drainage
11.3.3 Regional Tectonic Control Revealed by Basin Analysis
11.3.4 Tectonism and Sediment Supply
11.3.5 Intraplate Stress
11.3.6 Quantitative Models of Sediment Supply, Transfer, and Accumulation
11.4 Plate-Tectonic Setting of Alluvial Basins
11.4.1 Basin Classification
11.4.2 Extensional Basins
11.4.2.1 Rift Basins
11.4.2.2 Continental-margin Basins
11.4.2.3 Failed Rifts and Aulacogens
11.4.3 Convergent-margin Basins
11.4.3.1 Forearc Basins
11.4.3.2 Backarc Basins
11.4.3.3 Retroarc (Foreland) Basins
11.4.4 Basins Formed Along Strike-Slip Faults
11.4.4.1 Basins Associated with Intracontinental Transform Faults
11.4.4.2 Basins Associated with Divergent Plate Boundaries
11.4.5 Basins Related to Plate Collision
11.4.5.1 Peripheral Foreland Basins
11.4.5.2 Hinterland Basins
11.4.6 Structural and Stratigraphic Patterns Common to Foreland Basins
11.4.7 Sedimentary Basins and Allochthonous Terranes
11.4.8 Cratonic Basins
11.5 Basic Paleogeographic Models for Nonmarine Basins
12 What Does Fluvial Lithofacies Reveal About Climate?
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Climatic Variables
12.3 Distinguishing Tectonic from Climatic Control
12.4 Review of Climatic Criteria
12.5 Conglomerates: The Significance of Texture and Petrology
12.5.1 Mass-fiow Versus Traction-current Processes
12.5.1.1 Arid Climates
12.5.1.2 Tem per ate-Humid Climates
12.5.1.3 Tropical-Humid Climates
12.5.1.4 Boreal- Paraglacial Climates
12.5.1.5 Summary and Conclusions
12.5.2 The Influence of Climate on Texture and Composition of Gravels
12.6 Sandstones: The Significance of Sand Body Architecture and Sedimentary Structures
12.6.1 Fluvial Style in Sand-bed Rivers
12.6.2 Sand Body Architecture
12.6.3 Bedforms and Cycles
12.7 Overbank Fines: The Significance of Bedding and Minor Sedimentary Structures
12.8 The Significance of Color
12.9 Associated Clastic, Chemical, and Biochemical Sediments
12.9.1 Coal
12.9.2 Paleosols
12.9.3 Evaporites
12.9.4 Eolian Interbeds
12.9.5 Palustrine Limestones
12.10 Contrasting Climatic Indicators
12.11 The Interrelationship Between Tectonics and Climate
12.12 Orbital Forcir^;
12.12.1 Sedimentary Evidence of Orbital Forcing
12.12.2 Fluvial Response to the Late Cenozoic Glaciations
12.12.3 Conclusions
12.13 Discussion
13 Sequence Stratigraphy
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Accommodation Space
13.3 Main Components of the Fluvial Sequence Model
13.1 Sequence Boundary
13.3.2 Lowstand Systems Tract
13.3.3 Transgressive Systems Tract
13.3.4 Equivalent of Maximum Hooding Surface
13.3.5 Highstand Systems Tract
13.3.6 Falling-stage Systems Tract
13.4 Time Scales of Nonmarine Sequences and Their Causes
13.4.1 First-order Cycles
13.4.2 Second-order Cycles
13.4.3 Third-order Cycles
13.4.4 Fourth- and Fifth-order Cycles
13.5 Discussion
14 Stratigraphic and Tectonic Controls on the Distribution and Architecture of Fluvial Oil and Gas Reservoirs
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Geometry of Fluvial Reservoirs
14.2.1 Geometry and Origin of Depositional Systems
14.1.1.1 Clastic Wedges
14.2.1.2 Paleovalley Fills
14.2.2 Geometry of Reservoir Bodies
14.2.2.1 Sheet Sandstones
14.2.2.2 Sandstone Ribbons and Lenses
14.2.2.3 Stratigraphic Variations in Reservoir Geometry
14.3 Tectonic Setting of Fluvial Reservoirs
14.3.1 Retroarc (Backarc) Foreland Basins
14.3.2 Backarc Basins
14.3.3 Forearc Basins
14.3.4 Collision-Related Basins
143.5 Basins in Continental-Transform Settings
14.3.6 Rift Basins
14.3.7 Basins on Extensional Continental Margins
14.3.8 Intracratonic Basins
14.4 Styles of Fluvial Reservoir
14.4.1 Paleovalley Bodies (PV Type)
14.4.2 Sheet Bodies (SH Type)
14.4.3 Channel-and-Bar Bodies (CB Type)
14.5 Conclusions
15 Case Studies of Oil and Gas Fields in Flurial Reservoiis
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Paleovalley Fields (PV Type)
15.2.1 Little Bow Area, Alberta
15.2.2 Cut Bank Sandstone, Montana
15.2.3 Zenith Field, Colorado
15.2.4 South Ceres Field, Oklahoma
15.3 Sheet Reservoirs (SHType)
15.3.1 Prudhoe Bay Held, Alaska
15.3.2 Messla Pield, Libya
15.3.3 Statfjord Held, North Sea
15.4 Channel-and-Bar Reservoirs (CB Type)
15.4.1 Little Creek Field, Mississippi
15.4 2 Daoing Field, China
15.4.3 Red Wash Held, Utah
16 Future Research Trends
References
Author Index
Subject Index

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