"The Evolution of Modern Science" by Thomas L. Isenhour

This book outlines the story of science from Aristotle to the present. The book goals are to show the evolution of modern science in historical and political context and to demystify science. We stand at the threshold of momentous advancements ranging from human cloning to fusion power. An understanding of science is essential to being a modern citizen.

The first third progresses from the ancient Greeks to the developments of the Renaissance that prepared the way for the Scientific Revolution. The second covers the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment and the final third is devoted to the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

Content
Preface
Acknowledgements
To the Student
1. Before the Greeks (Pre-history–600 BCE)
2. Ancient Greek Science (600 BCE–300 CE)
2.1. Greek Theories
2.2. Greek Philosophy and Science
3. A Period of Stagnancy – The Dark Ages (300–1400)
3.1. The Dark Ages
3.2. The Scholastic Synthesis
4. Classical Physics and Astronomy (1400–1600)
4.1. A New Cosmology
4.2. The Language of Nature
5. Experimental Science and Knowledge: The Scientific Revolution and The
Enlightenment (1500–1700)
5.1. The Scientific Revolution
5.2. A Mechanistic World
5.3. The Scientific Method
5.4. Space and Time
5.5. Newtonianism and The Scientific Revolution
5.6. The Enlightenment and the Idea of Progress
5.7. Preface to the Industrial Age
6. Classical Chemistry (1700–1900)
6.1. The Foundations of Modern Chemistry
6.2. Chemistry Becomes a Science
6.3. Organic (living) Chemistry
7. Classical Electricity, Magnetism and Light (1700–1900)
7.1. Electrical Phenomena
7.2. Volta’s Cell Applied to Chemistry
7.3. Electricity, Magnetism and Light
7.4. Electrical Technology
8. Thermodynamics (1700–1900)
8.1. The Rise of Steam Technology
8.2. Heat and Energy – the First Law of Thermodynamics
8.3. Entropy – The Second Law of Thermodynamics
8.4. Entropy and Civilization
9. Natural History – Taxonomy and Geology (1700–1800)
9.1. Foundations of Natural History
9.2. Natural History and Classical Geology
10. Classical Biology (1800–1900)
10.1. Evolution
10.2. Darwinism
10.3. Darwinism in America
11. Origin of the Social Sciences (1750–1900)
11.1. Economics
11.2. Sociology
11.3. Political Science
11.4. Psychology
11.5. Social Science and Statistics
11.6. Social Darwinism
12. Atomic and Nuclear Era (1900–1950)
12.1. Pre-1900 American Science
12.2. Theories of the Aether
12.3. X-Rays and Radioactivity
12.4. Atomic Structure
12.5. Nuclear Fusion and Fission
12.6. Special Relativity
12.7. Quantum Mechanics
13. Science and the U.S. Government (1900–?)
13.1. The Atomic Bomb
13.2. Sputnik and the Space Rac
14. A New Understanding of Life (1700–?)
14.1. The Cell
14.2. Genetics
14.3. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
15. Modern Cosmology – the Origin of the Universe (1900–?)
15.1. Galaxies and Cepheids
15.2. General Relativity and Black Holes
15.3. The Redshift and the Big Bang
16. The Chemical Bond (1900–?)
17. The Computer Revolution (1900–?)
17.1. Counting, Numbers, and Calculation
17.2. Mathematics and Digital Computers
17.3. Boolean Algebra
17.4. Systems of Mathematics
17.5. Computing Machines
18. The Conservation Movement and Ecology (1900–?)
18.1. National Parks
18.2. Preservationists vs. Wise-Use Advocates
18.3. Food Chains and Ecology
19. Modern Geology (1900–?)
19.1. The Age of the Earth
19.2. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
20. Afterword
21. Appendices
21.1. Appendix 1 – Arithmetic and Geometry
21.2. Appendix 2 – Formal Logic
21.3. Appendix 3 – Algebra
21.4. Appendix 4 – Analytical Geometry
21.5. Appendix 5 – Calculus
21.6. Appendix 6 – Statistics
21.7. Appendix 7 – Boolean Algebra and Set Theory
21.8. Appendix 8 – The Ancients Revisited – Titus Lucretius Carus
22. Bibliography
23. Endnotes

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