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    "Ecotourism Programme Planning" by D.A. Fennell (Repost)

    Posted By: exLib
    "Ecotourism Programme Planning" by D.A. Fennell (Repost)

    "Ecotourism Programme Planning" by D.A. Fennell
    CABI Publishing | 2002 | ISBN: 0851996108 9780851996103 | 289 pages | PDF | 5 MB

    This is a book about the relationships that exist between operators and tourists, and about how providers can effectively plan and implement the most and best of their ideas through informative and educational programmes that allow for an appreciation of natural history and the natural world in general.

    This book provides an in-depth overview of the different operations of ACE tourism. It draws on theory from recreation and leisure studies, tourism, marketing, and environmental management to demonstrate the importance of effective program planning.

    Contents
    Preface
    Acknowledgements
    1 Recreation and Tourism
    Introduction
    Leisure, Recreation and Tourism
    Disciplinary links
    Tourism Products
    Tourism Programmes?
    Conclusion
    2 Foundational Aspects of Ecotourism
    Introduction
    Ecotourism
    Exploring the boundaries of ecotourism
    Defining ecotourism
    The Ecotourist
    Specialization
    Benefits of ecotourism
    Ecotourism’s Philosophical Basis
    Environmentalism
    Sustainable development and tourism
    The Environment as a System
    Systems analysis
    Human ecology
    Complexity
    Conclusion
    3 The Programme Setting: Going ‘In’
    Introduction
    Ecotourism Supply
    Biodiversity
    Island biogeography and nature reserve design
    Public reserves
    Private reserves
    Resource Management
    Impacts
    Carrying capacity
    The ecological footprint
    The precautionary principle
    Discourse analysis
    Norms
    Community Development
    Tourism–community issues
    Social capital
    Tourism Ethics
    Theoretical ethics
    Conclusion
    4 Programming
    Introduction
    Planning
    Recreation Programming
    Programming Ideology
    Philosophy
    Mission and vision statements
    Goals and objectives
    Programming Theories
    Symbolic interactionism
    Social exchange theory
    Optimal arousal and flow
    Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation
    Personality
    Life stage
    Constraints
    Programming Strategies
    Programming Approaches
    The Programming Model
    The Programmer
    Tour Operators
    Other issues
    Conclusion
    5 Needs and Assets
    Introduction
    Motives (Needs)
    Needs Assessment
    Defining need
    Identifying study subjects
    Asking the right questions
    Collecting the data
    Data analysis
    Reporting and using the data for planning
    Attractions
    Inventories of attractions and resources
    The Business Plan
    PESTE and SWOT analysis
    Conclusion
    6 Programme Design A: Structure
    Introduction
    Designing the Structure of the Programme
    Programme areas
    Programme formats
    Programme setting
    Programme mobility
    Programme lodging
    Making Programme Design Decisions
    Designing the Programme’s Interpretive Component
    Outdoor and environmental education
    Interpretation
    Models of interpretation
    A note on trails
    Conclusion
    7 Programme Design B: Gearing Up to Go
    Introduction
    Pre-trip Information: Briefing
    Mental and physical preparation
    Health Precautions
    Transportation
    Persons with Disabilities
    Personal Hygiene
    Food
    Water
    Recreational impacts on water
    First Aid and Survival
    Cold and heat
    Clothing and equipment
    Medical supplies
    Permits
    Environmental Conditions
    Wind and weather
    Plant and animal considerations
    Sun
    The Trip Planning Sheet
    Conclusion
    8 Programme Design C: Leadership and Risk
    Introduction
    Leadership
    Followers
    Approaches to Leadership
    Autocratic leadership
    Democratic leadership
    Laissez-faire leadership
    Comprehensive–interaction–expectation theory of leadership
    The leadership of Robert Greenleaf
    Professional Development
    Guiding: skills and guidelines
    Safety and Risk
    Risk Management
    The waiver
    Conclusion
    9 Programme Implementation
    Introduction
    Product Life Cycle
    Marketing
    Product
    Price
    Place
    Promotion
    A focus on people, systems and green
    Quality
    Staff Training
    Job satisfaction
    Public Relations
    Budgeting
    Implementation Strategies
    Schedules and itineraries
    Conclusion
    10 Evaluation
    Introduction
    The Scope of Evaluation
    Who should evaluate?
    Formative and summative evaluation
    Models of Evaluation
    Intuitive evaluation
    Evaluation by standards
    Evaluation by goals and objectives
    Evaluation by professional judgement
    Transaction–observation method
    Communicative and interactive approach
    Evaluation of leisure experience
    Importance–performance evaluation
    Evaluation of operator ethics
    Evaluation Details and Issues
    Details
    Issues
    Debriefing
    Certification and Accreditation
    Environmental Programmes
    Green Taxes
    Conclusion
    11 Integrated Ecotourism Programme Planning: a Synthesis
    General Conclusion
    Integrated Ecotourism Programme Planning
    Social and ecological systems
    Ecotourism ethic
    Governance
    Interplay between broad environment and ecotourism programming
    Main programme categories
    Shared philosophies, theories, strategies and approaches
    Needs and assets
    Programme design
    Implementation
    Evaluation
    Feedbacks
    Final Thoughts
    References
    Appendices
    Appendix 1: Older Adult Orienteering Questionnaire
    Appendix 2: Medical Form
    Appendix 3: Packing Information
    Appendix 4: The First Aid Kit
    Appendix 5a: Injury Checklist
    Appendix 5b: Illness Checklist
    Appendix 5c: Consciousness Record
    Appendix 6: Survival Kit
    Appendix 7: Checklist for Effective Leadership of Hiking and Backpacking Daytrip
    Appendix 8: Sample Waiver Form
    Appendix 9: Ozark Ecotours Reservation Form
    Appendix 10: Birds of Trinidad and Tobago – Itinerary
    Index

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