COMPUTER ARITHMETIC

Introduction:
Data is manipulated by using the arithmetic instructions in digital computers. Data is manipulated
to produce results necessary to give solution for the computation problems. The Addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division are the four basic arithmetic operations. If we want then
we can derive other operations by using these four operations.
To execute arithmetic operations there is a separate section called arithmetic processing unit in
central processing unit. The arithmetic instructions are performed generally on binary or decimal
data. Fixed-point numbers are used to represent integers or fractions. We can have signed or
unsigned negative numbers. Fixed-point addition is the simplest arithmetic operation.
If we want to solve a problem then we use a sequence of well-defined steps. These steps are
collectively called algorithm. To solve various problems we give algorithms.
In order to solve the computational problems, arithmetic instructions are used in digital computers
that manipulate data. These instructions perform arithmetic calculations.
And these instructions perform a great activity in processing data in a digital computer.
As we already stated that with the four basic arithmetic operations addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, it is possible to derive other arithmetic operations and solve
scientific problems by means of numerical analysis methods.
A processor has an arithmetic processor(as a sub part of it) that executes arithmetic
operations. The data type, assumed to reside in processor, registers during the execution
of an arithmetic instruction. Negative numbers may be in a signed magnitude or signed
complement representation. There are three ways of representing negative fixed point -
binary numbers signed magnitude, signed 1’s complement or signed 2’s complement.
Most computers use the signed magnitude representation for the mantissa.