Biotechnology: Antibodies & Their Role In Therapeutics

Learn about Antibodies: Their Structure, Types, Functions and Role in Therapeutics & Diagnostics | Immunology | Biology

What you'll learn
1. Structure of antibodies
2. Types of light and heavy chains of antibodies
3. Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) & how they bind to antigen
4. Immunoglobulin domains
5. Framework region
6. Classes of antibodies: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD & their biological activities
7. What is opsonization, ADCC and complement system
8. Pathways of complement activation
9. Regulation of complement system
10. Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes
11. Mechanism of VJ and VDJ recombination
12. Generation of antibody diversity
13. Somatic Hypermutation
14. Class switching mechanism & factors governing it
15. Expression of membrane bound & secreted form of immunoglobulins
16. B cell receptors (BCRs)
17. Simultaneous expression of IgM and IgD on B cells
18. Regulation of Ig gene transcription
19. Differences between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
20. Hybridoma Technology
21. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
22. Antibody engineering: Chimeric monoclonal antibodies
23. Humanized monoclonal antibodies
24. Fully human monoclonal antibodies
25. Immunogenicity of engineered monoclonal antibodies
26. Immunotoxins
27. Bispecific antibodies
28. Abzymes
29. Convalescent plasma therapy
30. How is plasma therapy being used for the treatment of COVID-19 disease
Requirements
Knowledge of basic biology
Motivation to learn
Description
Immune system is the body’s own army that fights against the invading pathogens and toxins. You can compare it to a nation’s defense forces. The army, the air force and the navy all work for the nation's defense. Similarly, the immune system works for the body’s defense. Everywhere around us, there are dangerous bacteria, viruses, parasites and toxins that can attack and harm our body. But our immune system defends us from these pathogens.Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are one of the crucial warriors produced by our immune system to fight off these nasty invading pathogens. In absence of antibodies, these pathogens can attack our nerve cells, kidney cells, heart cells and other vital parts of the body.Once attacked by these nasty pathogens, the cells stop functioning, which in turn, may lead to serious illness. But when antibodies come into action, everything changes. They bind to the invading pathogens and prevent them from attacking our body cells.So what do these antibodies look like, what is their structure and how do they fight off such dangerous pathogens? If you are also curious about these concepts and want to learn the science behind it, then you have come to the right place.This course is an invaluable resource for medical students, doctors and students of disciplines like biotechnology, biology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology, cell biology and bioinformatics. In the course, the most challenging concepts are presented in a simple and palatable format using animations and graphics.This course will cover different types of antibodies circulating in the bloodstream & tissue fluids and their respective functions. Additionally this course will also cover the genetic mechanisms which allow our immune system to generate such a diverse pool of antibodies because of which our body is able to recognize and respond to a variety of antigens.Further in this course, the class switching mechanism, expression of membrane bound & secreted forms of antibodies and regulation of expression of immunoglobulin genes have also been discussed.Moreover, you will also get to know what is passive immunity and what is active immunity.We will also discuss the differences between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In this course, the hybridoma technology has been discussed in detail and how it can be used to mass produce monoclonal antibodies? And how monoclonal antibodies can be used as therapeutics?Additionally this course will introduce you to various engineered therapeutic antibodies like chimeric monoclonal antibodies, humanised monoclonal antibodies and fully human monoclonal antibodies. In this course, you will get to know how the antibody structure can be leveraged to create immunotoxins, bispecific antibodies, abzymes etc for the treatment of cancer, arthritis, other viral, hormonal and autoimmune diseases.In this course we will discuss what is convalescent plasma therapy or passive antibody therapy and how it is being used for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, the current ongoing pandemic. Last but not the least, the course will also highlight the relevance of antibodies in therapeutics and diagnostics.With a 30 day return policy, there is nothing to lose. If you feel the course is not worth your money, you can return it and get your money back. Though, we assure you that you will not be disappointed by your wise decision of enrolling in this course.Who this course is for:The course is designed for medical students, doctors, researchers and students of biology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, molecular biology, cell biology and bioinformatics disciplinesAny student who has immune system as a subject in their curriculumAnyone looking to study biology or immunology at college or university and wants quick, to the point knowledge about antibodiesNewly qualified teachers who need some great resources on antibodiesAnyone who wants to get an in-depth knowledge about antibodies and our immune system

Overview

Section 1: Introduction

Lecture 1 Introduction

Section 2: Structure of Antibody/Immunoglobulin

Lecture 2 Basic structure of immunoglobulins or antibodies

Lecture 3 Functional components of Antibodies

Lecture 4 Summary- Basic structure of antibodies

Lecture 5 Antibody sequencing to know different types of light and heavy chains of Abs

Lecture 6 Types of light chains

Lecture 7 Types of heavy chains

Section 3: Detailed structure of Antibody/Immunoglobulin

Lecture 8 Immunoglobulin Domains

Lecture 9 Complementarity determining regions (CDRs)

Lecture 10 Framework region

Lecture 11 Binding of antigen to CDRs

Lecture 12 Role of Hinge Region

Lecture 13 Summary- Detailed structure of antibodies

Section 4: Antibody classes and their biological activities

Lecture 14 Immunoglobulin G or IgG

Lecture 15 Immunoglobulin A or IgA

Lecture 16 Immunoglobulin M or IgM

Lecture 17 Immunoglobulin E or IgE

Lecture 18 Immunoglobulin D or IgD

Lecture 19 Summary- Antibody classes and their biological activities

Section 5: Complement system

Lecture 20 Introduction to complement system

Lecture 21 Nomenclature of complement proteins

Lecture 22 Classical pathway of complement activation

Lecture 23 Alternative pathway of complement activation

Lecture 24 Lectin Pathway of complement activation

Lecture 25 Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

Lecture 26 Summary- Complement system

Lecture 27 Regulation of the complement system

Lecture 28 Other functions of complement proteins

Section 6: Organization of immunoglobulin genes

Lecture 29 Germline & somatic hypermutation Theory

Lecture 30 Tonegawa’s Theory- Immunoglobulin genes rearrange

Lecture 31 Organization of Ig genes

Lecture 32 Organization of gene segments encoding light chains

Lecture 33 Organization of gene segments encoding heavy chains

Section 7: V(D)J Recombination

Lecture 34 VJ recombination in kappa light chain DNA

Lecture 35 VJ recombination in ƛ light chain DNA

Lecture 36 VDJ recombination in heavy chain DNA

Lecture 37 Mechanism of variable region DNA rearrangements

Section 8: Generation of antibody diversity

Lecture 38 Combinatorial VJ and VDJ joining

Lecture 39 Junctional Flexibility

Lecture 40 P-addition

Lecture 41 N-addition

Lecture 42 Somatic Hypermutation

Section 9: Expression of immunoglobulin genes

Lecture 43 Class switching

Lecture 44 Mechanism of class switching

Lecture 45 Factors that govern class switching

Section 10: Membrane bound and secreted Antibodies/Immunoglobulins

Lecture 46 Membrane bound immunoglobulins and BCRs

Lecture 47 Expression of membrane bound or secreted Immunoglobulin

Lecture 48 Simultaneous expression of IgM and IgD on mature B cells

Section 11: Regulation of Immunoglobulin gene transcription

Lecture 49 Regulatory sequences in DNA

Lecture 50 Allelic exclusion

Lecture 51 Mechanism of allelic exclusion

Section 12: Antigenic determinants/Epitopes on Immunoglobulins

Lecture 52 Isotypic determinants

Lecture 53 Role of anti-isotype antibodies in detection of viral diseases

Lecture 54 Allotypic determinants

Lecture 55 Idiotypic determinants

Lecture 56 Types of anti-ID antibodies

Lecture 57 Specific uses of anti-ID antibodies

Section 13: ‌Polyclonal‌ ‌‌&‌ ‌Monoclonal‌ ‌Antibodies

Lecture 58 Polyclonal Antibodies

Lecture 59 Monoclonal Antibodies

Lecture 60 Hybridoma Technology (Production of Monoclonal Antibodies)

Lecture 61 Selection of Hybridoma cells producing Monoclonal Antibodies

Section 14: Antibody Engineering

Lecture 62 Advantages of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies over conventional drugs

Lecture 63 Chimeric Monoclonal Antibodies

Lecture 64 Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies

Lecture 65 Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies

Lecture 66 Isolation of monoclonal antibodies directly from humans

Lecture 67 Immunogenicity of engineered monoclonal antibodies

Section 15: Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Lecture 68 Immunotoxins

Lecture 69 Recombinant Immunotoxins

Lecture 70 Humanised and Fully Human Immunotoxins

Lecture 71 Bispecific Antibodies or Heteroconjugates

Lecture 72 Abzymes

Section 16: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 disease

Lecture 73 Structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2

Lecture 74 What is Plasma Therapy or Passive Immunization?

Lecture 75 How is plasma therapy done?

Lecture 76 Limitations of Plasma Therapy

Section 17: Monoclonal antibody Therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 disease

Lecture 77 Monoclonal antibodies and COVID-19

Lecture 78 Isolation of monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 recovered patients

Lecture 79 How plasma therapy & monoclonal antibody therapy are different from vaccination?

Section 18: What's Next?

Lecture 80 What's next?

The course is designed for medical students, doctors, researchers and students of biology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, molecular biology, cell biology and bioinformatics disciplines,Any student who has immune system as a subject in their curriculum,Anyone looking to study biology or immunology at college or university and wants quick, to-the-point knowledge about antibodies,Newly qualified teachers who need a good resource on antibodies,Anyone who wants to get an in-depth knowledge about antibodies and our immune system