B.Sc. Physics-IV

SYLLABUS- B.SC. PHYSICS-IV, Heat Transfer Mechanism
B.Sc. IV Semester; I Paper
Unit-I- Conduction and Convection
Modes of heat transfer via Conduction, Convection and Radiation,
Conduction: Fourier’s law, One dimensional steady state conduction, Heat conduction through plane and
composite walls, Cylinders and spheres, Electrical analogy, Thermal conductivity and its experimental detection,
Convection: Newton’s law of cooling, Dimensional analysis applied to forced and free convection,
Dimensionless numbers and their physical significance.
Unit-II- Kinetic Theory of Gases
Kinetic theory of gases, Microscopic View of an Ideal gas, Degrees of freedom, Law of Equipartition of Energy,
Distribution law of velocities, Most probable speed, Average speed and root mean square velocity of molecules,
Pressure exerted by a perfect gas, Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature.
Unit-III- Thermal Radiation
Physical quantities associated with Radiation, Black body, Radiation from non-black-bodies, Thermodynamics
of radiations inside a hollow enclosure, Kirchoff’s Laws, Derivation of Stefan Boltzmann Law, Wein’s
displacement law, Black body spectrum formula-early attempts, Raleigh Jeas’s Law, Quantum theory of
Radiation, Planck ’s formula for black body spectrum, Wien’s law, Radiation as a photon gas.
Unit-IV-Low Temperature Physics
Methods of producing low temperatures via Joule- Kelvin Expansion and Adiabatic demagnetization, Joule
Thomson Coefficient, Inversion temperature, Introduction to cryogenics and refrigeration, Air conditioning
Mechanism, Air compression Machine, Hampson’s and Linde’s regenerative cooling machine, Liquification of
air, Hydrogen and Helium, Solidification of Helium.
Physical Optics
B.Sc. IV Semester; II Paper
Unit-I- Interference
The principle of superposition, Two slit interference, coherence, Division of wave front and amplitude, Optical
path retardations lateral shift of fringes, Fresnel biprism, Interference with multiple reflection, Thin films,
Application for precision measurements, Haidinger fringes, Fringes of equal thickness and equal inclination.
Unit-II- Diffraction
Unit-IV-Associated Optical Instruments
Michelson intereferometer and its application for precise measurement of wavelength, Wavelength difference
and width of spectral lines, Twyman-Green interferometer, Tolansky fringes, Fabry-Perot interferometer and
Etalon.
Statistical Physics
B.Sc. IV Semester; III Paper
Unit-I- Basic Concepts
Basic postulates of Statistical Physics, Specification of states, Macro state, Micro State, Phase Space, Density
distribution in phase space,
Unit-II- Ensembles and Thermodynamic Connection
Definition, Micro -canonical, Canonical and Grand Canonical ensembles, Their thermodynamic connections,
Statistical definition of temperature and interpretation of second law of thermodynamic, Pressure, Entropy and
Chemical potential. Entropy of mixing and Gibb’s paradox, Partition function and Physical significance of
various statistical quantities.
Unit-III-Classical Statistics
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and Distribution law, Energy distribution function, Maxwell-Boltzmann law of
velocity distribution (most probable velocity, average velocity, RMS velocity), Limitations of M-B statistics.
Unit-IV-Quantum Statistics (BES & FDS)
Bridging Microscopic and Macroscopic behaviour, indistinguishability of particles and its consequences,
Transition to quantum statistics and its implications, , Bose –Einstein and Fermi-Dirac gases, Gas Degeneracy,
Applications to liquid helium, Free electrons in a metal and Photon gas, Fermi level and Fermi energy.