ACOUSTICS : ELECTRIC ACOUSTIC CONVERTERS

The field of acoustics, dealing with theory, calculation and design the use of devices that convert acoustic energy into electricity and vice versa, is called electroacoustics. Devices implemented responsible for this transformation are called electroacoustic converters (EP). According to the principle of action, they are divided into two large groups.
The first group includes reversible devices that are can convert acoustic energy into electrical and energy into acoustic energy. Most converters, when
changeable in electroacoustics, are reversible. Sometimes only they are called directly by converters.
The second group includes irreversible, or valve converters invaders. In these devices, one form of energy (for example, acoustic ical) is a control one that regulates the value of another.
An example is a carbon microphone, the action which is based on the change in resistance between grains of coal powder when changing the pressure on its diaphragm. With constant nominal applied voltage, the flowing current changes (modulating is) in proportion to the change in resistance. To valve preeducators include ionophones: with a torch discharge, high-frequency static arc discharge and DC corona discharge, which have not yet become widespread.
When converting one type of energy into another, used forces arising either as a result of the action of a magnetic field of current, or in the interaction of charged bodies.
In the case of converting electrical energy into acoustic which they talk about the radiation mode, and the devices themselves are sometimes called They are used as converters-motors. With the reverse conversion in the receiving mode, the devices are called converters. generators.