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    3. Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences via Controversial Predictions

    Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences via Controversial Predictions

    Posted By: hill0
    Date: 7 Dec 2021 07:34:22
    Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences via Controversial Predictions

    Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences via Controversial Predictions to a Consistent
    Theory of Nonequilibrium Plasmas
    English | 2021 | ISBN: 3030826228 | 568 Pages | PDF EPUB | 52 MB

    This book presents recent results on the modelling of space plasmas with Kappa distributions and their interpretation. Hot and dilute space plasmas most often do not reach thermal equilibrium, their dynamics being essentially conditioned by the kinetic effects of plasma particles, i.e., electrons, protons, and heavier ions. Deviations from thermal equilibrium shown by these plasma particles are often described by Kappa distributions. Although well-known, these distributions are still controversial in achieving a statistical characterization and a physical interpretation of non-equilibrium plasmas.

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