Recovery from Schizophrenia: Etiological Models and Evidence-Based Treatments [Repost]

Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder that has a profound impact on the lives of those diagnosed, and on the lives of those who care about them. The symptoms of schizophrenia can be frightening, confusing, and debilitating. Schizophrenia affects about 0.7 cases per 1000 worldwide, and accounts 3% of healthcare expenditures. About 80% of the direct costs of care for schizophrenia are associated with hospital or other residential care. Individuals with this diagnosis often experience cycles of remission and relapse throughout their lives. There is a need for ongoing research to identify and implement treatments that are effective in fostering both symptom reduction and social recovery. After years of teaching, doing research, and working clinically with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia I remain most impressed by the diversity of abilities, deficits, sensibilities, talents, and patterns of course, outcome and recoveries observed among persons given this diagnosis. Researchers have achieved significant advances in our knowledge of genetic factors and brain-based deficits, and these advances may eventually result in a “cure” for schizophrenia. It is also possible that the concept of “cure” is not appropriate for thinking about recovery from this disorder. Recovery from schizophrenia today is typically a lengthy process with periods of progress in returning to meaningful social participation, as well as occasional relapses and setbacks. When one considers the complexity and diversity of individuals diagnosed with this disorder it seems plausible that recovery as process and outcome is more appropriate framework for thinking about positive change than cure. Properly prescribed and monitored antipsychotic medications often help control symptoms and reduce the likelihood of relapse. Psychosocial therapies in combination with medications are effective in helping many individuals achieve satisfying and functional lives in the community.