Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies
Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies
by Paul Rosenbaum
English | 2021 | ISBN: 0367483882 | 273 Pages | PDF | 20 MB
by Paul Rosenbaum
English | 2021 | ISBN: 0367483882 | 273 Pages | PDF | 20 MB
Outside of randomized experiments, association does not imply causation, and yet there is nothing defective about our knowledge that smoking causes lung cancer, a conclusion reached in the absence of randomized experimentation with humans. How is that possible? If observed associations do not identify causal effects in observational studies, how can a sequence of such associations become decisive?