WTO, E-commerce and Information Technologies, from Uruguay Round Through the Doha Development Agenda

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
Executive Summary
PART ONE
I. Introduction
11. The WTOys Work on E-commerce and IT Trade
A. History of the WTO Work Programme on Electronic Commerce
1. Phase I: Geneva Ministerial Conference - Seattle Ministerial
Conference
2. Phase 11: Seattle Ministerial Conference - Doha Ministerial
Conference
3. Phase 111: Doha Ministerial Conference - Cancun Ministerial
Conference
4. Phase IV: Cancun Ministerial Conference
5. Work Programme Participation and Accomplishments
B. Doha Development Agenda
111. Developing Country Interests in E-Commerce and IT Trade
A. Overview of the CTDys Work on E-commerce
B. Barriers to E-commerce for Developing Countries
1. Physical Infrastructure
2. Human and Legal Infrastructure
3. Other Barriers
4. Expandmg Export Opportunities for Developing Countries
C. Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries
1. Background on S&D Treatment
2. S&D Provisions Relevant to E-commerce in the WTO
Agreements and the Doha Declaration
D. Conclusion
PART TWO
IV. Information Technology Goods - Basket I
A. Information Technology Agreement
1. History of the ITA
2. Enlargmg ITA Participation
3. Expandng ITA Coverage
4. Eliminating Non-Tariff Measures
5, Resolving Classification Divergences
B. Doha Negotiations
1. Modalities
2. E h a t i n g Tariff Barriers
3. Eliminating Non-Tariff Barriers
4. S&D Provisions
C. Conclusion
PART THREE
V. Services
A. Introduction to GATS
1. Scope of the Agreement
2. Structure of the Agreement
3. General Obligations and Disciplines
4. Specific Commitments
B. Services Negotiations
Unfinished Business/Budt-In Agenda 62
Negotiations Guidelines and Procedures 63
Status of the Services Negotiations 64
Initial Request-Offer Process 67
Developing Country Participation in the Services Negotiations 69
E-commerce in the Services Negotiations 7 1
C. Addressing Questions from the WTO Work Programme on Ecommerce
in the Services Negotiations
1. Applicabhty of Specific Commitments to Electronically
Delivered Services
2. Classification of Electronically Delivered Services as Mode 1 or
Mode 2
3. hkeness
4. Increasing the Participation of Developing Countries in Ecommerce/
World Services Trade
5. Regulations Affecting E-commerce
6. Customs Duties
7. New Services
D. Conclusion
VI. Internet Infrastructure Services - Basket I1
A. Telecommunication Services
1. Scheduhng Telecommunications Services
2. Uruguay Round Negotiations and Telecommunications
Services
3. Doha Development Agenda and Telecommunications Services
a. Improving Specific Commitments
b. Clarifpg the Scope and Coverage of Telecommunications
Services Commitments
c. Developing Disciplines on the Regulation of
Telecommunications Services
d. Development-Related Negotiations Issues
B. Conclusion
C. Computer and Related Services
1. Uruguay Round Negotiations on Computer and Related
Services
2. The Doha Development Agenda and Computer and Related
Services
a. Improving Specific Commitments
b. Classification of Computer and Related Services
c. Development-Related Issues
D. Conclusion
VII. Electronically Traded Services - Basket I11
A. Negotiations on Electronically Traded Services
B. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Services
1. Understandmg BP0 Services
2. The BP0 Phenomenon
3. Scheduling BP0 Services Commitments
C. Conclusion
PART FOUR
VIII. Digtal Products - Basket IV
A. Introduction
B. Market Access for Digital Products
1. Duty-Free Moratorium on Electronic Transmissions
2. Limiting Tariffs on Digtal Products
3. Classifying Digtal Products: Goods or Services?
4. Doha Negotiations
C. Intellectual Property Right Protection for Digital Products
1. The TRIPS Agreement
2. WTO Work Programme on Electronic Commerce
3. The Copyright Challenge For Digital Products
4. The Doha Negotiations
D. Conclusion
Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
By Subject Matter
In Alphabetical Order