Hamlet (1921) [Edition Filmmuseum 37] [2011]
DVD9 + DVD5 (VIDEO_TS) | PAL 4:3 (720x576) | AC3 5.1/2.0 @ 448/192 Kbps | 01:51:08 | 5,87 Gb + 3,14 Gb
Lang: German intertiles with English Subtitles
Genre: Drama | Germany
DVD9 + DVD5 (VIDEO_TS) | PAL 4:3 (720x576) | AC3 5.1/2.0 @ 448/192 Kbps | 01:51:08 | 5,87 Gb + 3,14 Gb
Lang: German intertiles with English Subtitles
Genre: Drama | Germany
Danish silent movie-star Asta Nielsen formed her own production company to make this film, in which new elements are combined with features (and a few lines) familiar from Shakespeare's version of the legend. The most important of these changes sees Hamlet made into a female character - a princess forced to masquerade as a man by her scheming mother; from this follows Hamlet's secret passion for Horatio and rivalry with Ophelia for his love. Queen Gertrude is here presented as conspiring in her first husband's murder, and the old king's ghost does not appear - young Hamlet merely hears a voice from the tomb and (apparently) dreams of him. In addition, Hamlet now kills Claudius (in a fire) immediately upon returning from Norway with an army led by old school - friend Fortinbras, and it falls to Gertrude to engineer Hamlet's death in the fencing match as well as kill herself by accidentally drinking the poisoned wine.
IMDB
MARGATE SANDS: Asta Nielsen – a great Hamlet
Filmmuseum
Asta Nielsen, born in Denmark in 1881, was the first diva of European silent film. As early as 1913, in Die Filmprimadonna, Asta Nielsen acts the role of a star fighting for increased influence on the entire production process. To realize her artistic vision she founds her own company Art-Film in 1920. Hamlet, produced that same year, survived only in a b&w US export version. In 2005 a coloured vintage print of the lost German original version of 1921 was discovered. The restored film had its premiere at the Berlinale in 2007, with new musical accompaniment composed by Michael Riessler. The 2-disc DVD set also includes documentation of the production history of Hamlet, the restoration process and rare an Asta Nielsen home movie compilation.
The legendary Danish film actress Asta Nielsen stars in this compelling silent screen adaptation of Shakespeare’s "Hamlet" in which, controversially, the title character is shown to be a woman masquerading as a man. The idea that Hamlet was a woman was proposed by Edward P. Vining in his book “The Mystery of Hamlet” and is not quite as implausible as it may first appear. Hamlet’s drive to avenge the death of his father, his obvious devotion to Horatio and his ambivalent relationship with Orphelia are just three of many indicators that the Prince of Denmark is not quite what he seems. (Of course, a much more credible explanation is that Hamlet is a closet homosexual.)
In most other respects, Sven Gade and Heinz Schall’s film sticks pretty closely to the narrative of Shakespeare’s play. Of course, being a silent film, the oral poetry of the original play is lost, but this is at least partly made up for by the visual poetry of the moody expressionist photography. By using real exteriors and spacious elaborate interiors, the film conveys a sense of scale and historical realism which is quite impressive for a film of this period. The style of the film is suggestive of a Gothic nightmare, a precursor of the highly stylised horror fantasies of the German silent era, with its clear delineation of villains and victims and emphasis on psychological disorder.
The film, one of the treasures of early German cinema, was restored by the German Film Institute and the German television channel ZDF, with support from the Franco-German television network ARTE. The restored colour version, released in 2007 having premiered at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival, is a composite of the surviving tinted and hand-coloured prints.
Vengeance as a woman or a prince? This 1921 version of Hamlet, starring Danish silent screen goddess Asta Nielsen, poses that intriguing question. Originally created and supported through Nielsen’s own production company, this interpretation of Shakespeare’s tragedy proposes that Hamlet was in fact a woman, forced by her family from birth to disguise herself as a man in order to inherit the throne. Basing this twist on an 1881 text entitled The Mystery of Hamlet, written by Edward P. Vining, there are implications of Hamlet as a ‘womanly man,’ tortured not only by her hidden sex, but according to 19th century beliefs, her feminine inability to either actively seek vengeance or make firm, i.e., masculine, decisions.
While Nielsen’s portrayal specifically picks up on Hamlet’s famous indecision, there is little to imply that her concealed female identity renders her weak. Certainly since Vining published his text, literary and film interpretations of Hamlet’s vacillating nature are far more favorable (the prelude in the 1921 Hamlet references attacks on the Dane, such as Goethe declaring Hamlet an ass), enabling us to now revel in Nielsen’s vivid, nuanced performance. Lithe and slender, Nielsen’s facial features are as striking as Garbo’s, while her body language as Hamlet is as self-aware as Tilda Swinton maneuvering between sexes in the more recent Orlando.
As Hamlet’s indecision is now underlined with gender confusion, there are further complications of a more sexual nature; Hamlet finds herself romantically attracted to Horatio, who in turn develops feelings for Ophelia. A messy love triangle forms, and Hamlet’s mental toying with Ophelia’s feelings is now provoked through jealousy, while Hamlet and Horatio’s frequent embraces and caressing simultaneously evoke a queer subtext. It’s a fascinating interpretation, enhanced by added scenes of Hamlet at university; a bond develops not only with Horatio but also between Hamlet and Fortinbras, also encouraging a gay interpretation, as Fortinbras practically lights up when Hamlet enters the room.
While Hamlet contends with these various degrees of sexual confusion, her determination for vengeance grows with her anger over her male façade. Gertrude, who bears the brunt of Hamlet’s familial fury in the play, suffers the same wrath here but to a larger degree, as Hamlet not only suspects her role in the king’s murder, but also blames her for her inability to fully be either a woman or a man. Spite is evident on Nielsen’s face when Hamlet finally confronts her mother, who shows little care or concern; Gertrude is lustful and power-hungry, and it is she, not Claudius, who plots to poison Hamlet’s goblet for the final duel. This further alteration of the original text increases not only the tension between mother and ‘son,’ but also underlines the increased emotional complexity of the women in the play.
Oddly, the intertitles and dialogue take little from the actual Shakespearean text, instead using crude direction and dialogue to move the action along. While it’s a pity not to have the verse available, if only in readable form, Hamlet is already such a radical departure that it’s readily acceptable in light of adaptations that modernize the text or dramatically alter time or setting. Full credit deservedly goes to Nielsen for the film’s success, as her embodiment of the tragic prince is as visually exciting as it is provocative for its time period; her melancholy yet astute prince seems as aware of not merely the character’s place in history, but her own unforgettable performance.Jenny Jediny, notcoming.com
DVD features:
DVD 1
* Hamlet 1921
* Score by Michael Riessler
DVD 2
* Der elektronische Hamlet 2007, 8'
* Hamlet con Asta Nielsen 2007, 7'
* Hamlet Fassungsvergleich 2009, 30'
* Die Filmprimadonna 1913, 17'
* Score by Trio New Amsterdam
* Asta Nielsen Privatoptagelser 1912-14, 4'
* Asta Nielsen Privat 1970, 2'
* Documents about the film production and the restoration as ROM features
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