Online collaborative learning is an idea whose time has come. The desire by students to undertake programs and courses via the Internet and access resources online is forever altering the nature of formal education. Many institutions and educators have been caught largely unprepared for the radical changes forced upon them. Research into teaching and learning techniques that are effective in the online environment is therefore both urgent and important.

In 2020, a 10% share of the energy demand in The Netherlands will have to be provided for by renewable energy sources. This target is a consequence of decisions to realise an extensive reduction of the global CO2 emissions, particularly in the industrialised nations. The objective is to stabilise the CO2 level in the atmosphere in order to limit further negative climate effects. Given the current situation it is logical to aim at energy saving and more efficient conversion of fossil fuels. In addition, "CO2-free" operation is required. The objective of this "clean fossil" strategy is to enable utilisation of fossil fuels in a societally responsible manner.

A substantial contribution of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and geothermal energy) to the energy economy is expected in the long term. This requires development of an integrated energy system comprising innovative and highly efficient energy conversion technologies. This enormous challenge calls for a creative approach, while a concomitant modification of the current energy structures is expected.

The interactions between biomass burning and climate have been brought into focus by a number of recent events. Firstly, the Framework Convention on Climate Change and, more recently, the Kyoto Protocol, have drawn the attention of policy makers and others to the importance of biomass burning in relation to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.