The Beginner'S Guide To Digital Design

Digital Electronics

What you'll learn

Understand Decimal and Binary Number Systems.

Convert Between Binary and Decimal Systems.

Understand the Basics of Hexadecimal Numbers.

Interpret Bytes and Nibbles.

Perform Binary Addition.

Identify and Resolve Overflow Issues in Binary Arithmetic.

Understand Signed Number Representation.

Work with Two’s Complement Representation.

Handle Two’s Complement Overflow.

Perform Binary Subtraction Using Two’s Complement.

Extend Sign Bits in Signed Numbers.

Recognize and Resolve Range Issues in Signed Numbers.

Understand Basic Logic Gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.

Interpret and Create Truth Tables.

Simplify Boolean Expressions.

Design Digital Circuits.

Understand the Role of Buffers.

Analyze Multi-Input Logic Gates.

Work with Parity Circuits.

Solve Practical Problems Using Logic Gates.

Understand and Implement Gate-Level Minimization.

Understand Digital Abstraction Concepts.

Identify Different Supply Voltages.

Define and Work with Logic Levels.

Calculate and Interpret Noise Margins.

Understand DC Transfer Characteristics.

Explain the Role of Semiconductors in Electronics.

Describe the Function of Diodes in Circuits.

Understand the Role and Operation of Capacitors.

Describe MOSFET Operation.

Differentiate Between Types of MOSFETs.

Analyze nMOS and pMOS Transistor Operation.

Design CMOS Circuits.

Implement Basic Logic Gates Using Transistors.

Work with Series and Parallel Transistor Configurations.

Create and Analyze Two-Input Logic Gates Using CMOS.

Boolean Equations

Sum-of-Products (SOP) and Product-of-Sums (POS)

Boolean Axioms and Laws (Identity, Null, Idempotent, Complement, De Morgan’s Law, etc.)

Equation Minimization Techniques

Converting Boolean Equations to Schematics

Priority Encoders

Multi-Level Combinational Logic

Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps)

Prime Implicants and Redundant Prime Implicants

Logic Minimization using K-Maps

SOP and POS Forms for 3 and 4 Variables

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) and 7-Segment Display Encoding

Bubble Pushing

High Impedance ('z') and Unknown Values ('x')

Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors

Tristate Buffers

Gray Code

Implementing logic functions using 2:1 MUX

NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR using 2:1 MUX

Exercises and solutions for 8x1 and 16x1 Multiplexers

3:8 and 4:16 Decoders with exercises and solutions

Contamination and Propagation Delay

Critical and Short Path Analysis

Glitches in Combinational Circuits

Understanding the difference between combinational and sequential circuits.

Role of clock signals in sequential circuits.

Concept of triggering and bistable elements.

SR Latch

JK Latch

D Latch

T Latch

Functional behavior and use cases of each latch type.

D Flip-Flop

Registers

Flip-Flop with Enable

Flip-Flop with Synchronous and Asynchronous Reset

Settable Flip-Flops

How flip-flops store and transfer data in digital circuits.

Understanding FSMs and their role in digital design.

Mealy State Machine vs. Moore State Machine.

State Encoding in FSMs.

Practical FSM designs like a Traffic Light Controller.

Designing sequence detectors using both Moore and Mealy FSMs.

Requirements

Understanding of basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division).

Familiarity with exponents and powers.

Ability to understand and apply logical reasoning.

Basic problem-solving skills.

Curiosity about how numbers and data are represented in computers and digital systems.

The course is designed for beginners with no prior experience in number systems or digital electronics.

All necessary concepts and techniques will be introduced and explained from the ground up.

Description

The course on Digital Logic Design and Sequential Circuits offers a comprehensive introduction to digital electronics, covering essential topics from fundamental number systems and logic gates to advanced sequential circuits and finite state machines (FSMs). The curriculum is designed to provide a strong foundation in both combinational and sequential logic, enabling learners to design and analyze complex digital systems. It includes topics such as decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers, binary addition, and signed numbers. The course delves into the functionality and applications of various logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR, along with N-input gates and parity gates. Analog concepts such as digital abstraction, supply voltage, noise margins, and logic levels are also covered, along with an introduction to transistors and DC transfer characteristics. Learners will explore combinational circuits, including Boolean equations, simplification techniques, Sum-of-Products (SOP), Product-of-Sums (POS) forms, Karnaugh Maps, Gray Code, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), and practical components like multiplexers, decoders, and tristate buffers. The sequential circuits section covers critical topics such as clock signals, triggering, bistable elements, latches, and flip-flops, leading to finite state machines, including Mealy and Moore machines, with practical examples such as traffic light controllers and sequence detectors. The course also addresses advanced topics, including contamination and propagation delays, critical and short path analysis, and handling glitches in combinational circuits. By the end of this course, participants will gain the knowledge and skills to design, simulate, and optimize both combinational and sequential logic circuits, making it ideal for electronics and computer engineering students, VLSI freshers, and professionals seeking to enhance their expertise in digital design and verification.

Overview

Section 1: Number Systems

Lecture 1 Decimal Numbers

Lecture 2 Decimal Numbers

Lecture 3 Binary Numbers

Lecture 4 Binary Numbers

Lecture 5 Binary Numbers Continued

Lecture 6 Binary Numbers Continued

Lecture 7 Binary To Decimal Conversion

Lecture 8 Binary To Decimal Conversion

Lecture 9 Decimal To Binary Conversion

Lecture 10 Decimal To Binary Conversion

Lecture 11 Hexadecimal Numbers

Lecture 12 Hexadecimal Numbers

Lecture 13 Bytes and Nibbles

Lecture 14 Bytes and Nibbles

Lecture 15 Decimal To Hexadecimal Conversion

Lecture 16 Decimal To Hexadecimal Conversion

Lecture 17 Binary Addition

Lecture 18 Binary Addition

Lecture 19 Binary Addition Example

Lecture 20 Binary Addition Example

Lecture 21 Overflow

Lecture 22 Overflow

Lecture 23 Signed Numbers

Lecture 24 Signed Numbers

Lecture 25 Two's Complement Representation Example

Lecture 26 Two's Complement Representation Example

Lecture 27 Two's Complement Representation Example

Lecture 28 Two's Complement Representation Example

Lecture 29 Two's Complement Addition

Lecture 30 Two's Complement Addition

Lecture 31 Two's Complement Subtraction

Lecture 32 Two's Complement Subtraction

Lecture 33 Two's Complement of Zero

Lecture 34 Two's Complement of Zero

Lecture 35 Two's Complement Range and Overflow

Lecture 36 Two's Complement Range and Overflow

Lecture 37 Two's Complement Overflow Example

Lecture 38 Two's Complement Overflow Example

Lecture 39 Sign Extension

Lecture 40 Sign Extension

Section 2: Logic Gates

Lecture 41 Truth Table and Binary Equation

Lecture 42 Truth Table and Binary Equation

Lecture 43 NOT Gate

Lecture 44 NOT Gate

Lecture 45 Buffer

Lecture 46 Buffer

Lecture 47 AND Gate

Lecture 48 AND Gate

Lecture 49 OR Gate

Lecture 50 OR Gate

Lecture 51 XOR Gate

Lecture 52 XOR Gate

Lecture 53 NAND Gate

Lecture 54 NAND Gate

Lecture 55 NOR Gate

Lecture 56 NOR Gate

Lecture 57 XNOR Gate

Lecture 58 XNOR Gate

Lecture 59 N-input AND Gate

Lecture 60 N-input AND Gate

Lecture 61 N-input OR Gate

Lecture 62 N-input OR Gate

Lecture 63 N-Input XOR Gate (Parity Gate)

Lecture 64 N-input XOR Gate(Parity Gate)

Lecture 65 Three-Input NOR Gate Example

Lecture 66 Three -Input NOR Gate Example

Lecture 67 Exercise

Section 3: Analog

Lecture 68 Digital Abstraction

Lecture 69 Digital Abstraction

Lecture 70 Supply Voltage

Lecture 71 Supply Voltage

Lecture 72 Logic Levels

Lecture 73 Logic Levels

Lecture 74 Noise Margins

Lecture 75 Noise Margins

Lecture 76 Example of Noise Margin

Lecture 77 Example of Noise Margin

Lecture 78 DC Transfer Characteristics and Logic Levels

Lecture 79 DC Transfer Characteristics and Logic Levels

Lecture 80 Understanding Semiconductors

Lecture 81 Understanding Semiconductors

Lecture 82 Diodes

Lecture 83 Diodes

Lecture 84 Understanding Capacitors

Lecture 85 Understanding Capacitors

Lecture 86 MOSFET

Lecture 87 MOSFET

Lecture 88 Types of MOSFETs

Lecture 89 Types of MOSFETs

Lecture 90 Operation of nMOS Transistor

Lecture 91 Operation of nMOS Transistor

Lecture 92 Operation of pMOS Transistor

Lecture 93 Operation of pMOS Transistor

Lecture 94 CMOS Technology

Lecture 95 CMOS Technology

Lecture 96 CMOS NOT Gate

Lecture 97 CMOS NOT Gate

Lecture 98 NMOS and PMOS Transistor Configurations

Lecture 99 NMOS and PMOS Transistor Configurations

Lecture 100 nMOS Series Configuration

Lecture 101 nMOS Series Configuration

Lecture 102 pMOS Series Configuration

Lecture 103 pMOS Series Configuration

Lecture 104 nMOS Parallel Configuration

Lecture 105 nMOS Parallel Configuration

Lecture 106 pMOS Parallel Configuration

Lecture 107 pMOS Parallel Configuration

Lecture 108 pMOS and nMOS Networks

Lecture 109 pMOS and nMOS Networks

Lecture 110 CMOS Two Inputs NAND Gate

Lecture 111 CMOS Two Inputs NAND Gate

Lecture 112 CMOS Two Inputs NOR Gate

Lecture 113 CMOS Two Inputs NOR Gate

Lecture 114 CMOS n-input NAND and NOR Gate

Lecture 115 CMOS n-input NAND and NOR Gate

Lecture 116 Two-input AND Gate Schematic

Lecture 117 Two-input AND Gate Schematic

Section 4: Combination Circuits

Lecture 118 Boolean Equation

Lecture 119 Boolean Equation

Lecture 120 Sum-of-Products

Lecture 121 Sum-of-Products

Lecture 122 Product-of-Sums

Lecture 123 Product-of-Sums

Lecture 124 SOP and POS Example

Lecture 125 SOP and POS Example

Lecture 126 Boolean Axioms

Lecture 127 Boolean Axioms

Lecture 128 Identity Law

Lecture 129 Identity Law

Lecture 130 Null Law (Null Element Law)

Lecture 131 Null Law (Null Element Law)

Lecture 132 Idempotent Law

Lecture 133 Idempotent Law

Lecture 134 Involution Law

Lecture 135 Involution Law

Lecture 136 Complement Law

Lecture 137 Complement Law

Lecture 138 Commutativity Law

Lecture 139 Commutativity Law

Lecture 140 Associativity Law

Lecture 141 Associativity Law

Lecture 142 Distributivity Law

Lecture 143 Distributivity Law

Lecture 144 Covering Law

Lecture 145 Covering Law

Lecture 146 Combining Law

Lecture 147 Combining Law

Lecture 148 Consensus Law

Lecture 149 Consensus Law

Lecture 150 De Morgan's Law

Lecture 151 De Morgan's Law

Lecture 152 Deriving the Product-of-Sums

Lecture 153 Deriving the Product-of-Sums

Lecture 154 Equations Minimization

Lecture 155 Equations Minimization

Lecture 156 Simplifying Equation Another Example

Lecture 157 Simplifying Equation Another Example

Lecture 158 Boolean Equation to Schematic

Lecture 159 Boolean Equation to Schematic

Lecture 160 Another Example of Boolean Equation to Schematic

Lecture 161 Another Example of Boolean Equation to Schematic

Lecture 162 Priority Encoder

Lecture 163 Priority Encoder

Lecture 164 Multi-Level Combinational Logic

Lecture 165 Multi-Level Combinational Logic

Lecture 166 Bubble Pushing

Lecture 167 Bubble Pushing

Lecture 168 Bubble Pushing Example

Lecture 169 Bubble Pushing Example

Lecture 170 Unknown Value 'x'

Lecture 171 Unknown Value 'x'

Lecture 172 High Impedance 'z'

Lecture 173 High Impedance 'z'

Lecture 174 Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors

Lecture 175 Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors

Lecture 176 Tristate Buffers

Lecture 177 Tristate Buffers

Lecture 178 Gray Code

Lecture 179 Gray Code

Lecture 180 Karnaugh Maps Overview

Lecture 181 Karnaugh Maps Overview

Lecture 182 Implicants

Lecture 183 Implicants

Lecture 184 Prime Implicants (PI)

Lecture 185 Prime Implicants (PI)

Lecture 186 Redundant Prime Implicants (RPI)

Lecture 187 Redundant Prime Implicants (RPI)

Lecture 188 Selective Prime Implicants (SPI)

Lecture 189 Selective Prime Implicants (SPI)

Lecture 190 Prime Implicants Example 1

Lecture 191 Prime Implicants Example 1

Lecture 192 Prime Implicants Example 2

Lecture 193 Prime Implicants Example 2

Lecture 194 Prime Implicants Example 3

Lecture 195 Prime Implicants Example 3

Lecture 196 Logic Minimization

Lecture 197 Logic Minimization

Lecture 198 SOP Form - 3 variables

Lecture 199 SOP Form - 3 variables

Lecture 200 SOP Form - 4 variables

Lecture 201 SOP Form - 4 variables

Lecture 202 POS Form - 3 Variables

Lecture 203 POS Form - 3 Variables

Lecture 204 POS Form - 4 Variables

Lecture 205 POS Form - 4 Variables

Lecture 206 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

Lecture 207 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

Lecture 208 BCD to 7-segment Display

Lecture 209 BCD to 7-segment Display

Lecture 210 Exercise

Lecture 211 Solution

Lecture 212 Multiplexer

Lecture 213 Multiplexer

Lecture 214 Exercise 8x1 Multiplexer

Lecture 215 Solution 8x1 Multiplexer

Lecture 216 Exercise 16x1 Multiplexer

Lecture 217 Solution: 16x1 Multiplexer

Lecture 218 Implementing 4x1 mux using 2x1 mux

Lecture 219 Implementing 4x1 mux using 2x1 mux

Lecture 220 NAND Gate using 2x1 Mux

Lecture 221 NAND Gate using 2x1 Mux

Lecture 222 NOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 223 NOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 224 XOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 225 XOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 226 Exercise: XNOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 227 Solution: XNOR Gate using 2x1 mux

Lecture 228 Decoders

Lecture 229 Decoders

Lecture 230 Exercise: 3:8 Decoder

Lecture 231 Solution: 3:8 Decoder

Lecture 232 Exercise: 4:16 Decoder

Lecture 233 Solution: 4:16 Decoder

Lecture 234 Contamination and Propagation Delay

Lecture 235 Contamination and Propagation Delay

Lecture 236 Critical and Short Path

Lecture 237 Critical and Short Path

Lecture 238 Example of Contamination and Propagation Delays

Lecture 239 Example of Contamination and Propagation Delays

Lecture 240 Glitch in Combinational Circuit

Lecture 241 Glitch in Combinational Circuit

Section 5: Sequencial Circuits

Lecture 242 What is a Sequential Circuit?

Lecture 243 What is a Sequential Circuit?

Lecture 244 Clock Signal

Lecture 245 Clock Signal

Lecture 246 Triggering

Lecture 247 Triggering

Lecture 248 Bistable Element

Lecture 249 Bistable Element

Lecture 250 Latches

Lecture 251 Latches

Lecture 252 SR Latch

Lecture 253 SR Latch

Lecture 254 JK Latch

Lecture 255 JK Latch

Lecture 256 D Latch

Lecture 257 D Latch

Lecture 258 T Latch

Lecture 259 T Latch

Lecture 260 D-Flip

Lecture 261 D-Flip

Lecture 262 Register

Lecture 263 Register

Lecture 264 Flip Flop with Enable

Lecture 265 Flip Flop with Enable

Lecture 266 Flip-Flop with Synchronous Reset

Lecture 267 Flip-Flop with Synchronous Reset

Lecture 268 Flip-Flop with Asynchronous Reset

Lecture 269 Flip-Flop with Asynchronous Reset

Lecture 270 Settable Flip-Flops

Lecture 271 Settable Flip-Flops

Lecture 272 Finite State Machine

Lecture 273 Finite State Machine

Lecture 274 Mealy State Machine

Lecture 275 Mealy State Machine

Lecture 276 Moore State Machine

Lecture 277 Moore State Machine

Lecture 278 Traffic Light Controller

Lecture 279 Traffic Light Controller

Lecture 280 State Encoding in FSMs

Lecture 281 State Encoding in FSMs

Lecture 282 Overlaping Sequence Detector using Moore

Lecture 283 Overlaping Sequence Detector using Moore

Lecture 284 Overlaping Sequence Detector using Mealy

Lecture 285 Overlaping Sequence Detector using Mealy

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