The Philosophy of Chinese Military Culture: Shih vs. Li (Repost)

Drawing on ancient texts and modern interpretations, this work explores the foundations for war in China's strategic culture–Shih, Li, and Tao. Shih theory bases strategy on enemy intent, in contrast to Euro-American Li strategies based on forces. The work uses Shih theory to explain the anomalies that continue to perplex Euro-American observers in modern China's uses of force.