Variation and change in the lexicon. A corpus-based analysis of adjectives in English ending in -ic and -ical (Language and Com

The present volume is a corpus-based study of the occurrence, variation, and change in the use of English adjective pairs in -ic and -ical over several centuries. The study involves the analysis of large, multi-million-word corpora representing the English language at various stages. It examines the nature of competition between the two affixes: what kind of rivalry existed, what kinds of words entered into competition, and in what ways the rivalry was resolved. The book presents close studies of six notably differentiated -ic/-ical adjective pairs, namely classic/classical, comic/comical, economic/economical, electric/electrical, historic/historical, and magic/magical, as well as commentaries on some 40 other -ic/-ical pairs, which manifest different types of shifts in use through history. It also includes critical discussion of general perceptions on and approaches to the practical use of corpora, stressing the importance of close and careful study of the materials under analysis. It further emphasises the value of consulting a variety of sources alongside corpora, including dictionaries and language usage manuals. This volume is of interest to language scholars in many fields, including corpus linguistics, diachronic linguistics, semantic change, lexicology, and word formation. Table of contents*** Preface*** Chapter 1. Introduction*** Chapter 2. Materials used in the study*** Chapter 3. Earlier observations and empirical studies*** Chapter 4. The history of new adjectives ending in ic and ical*** Chapter 5. Excellence, tradition, and ancient Greeks: classic/classical*** Chapter 6. Perspectives on amusement: the use of comic/comical*** Chapter 7. Arranging the motions of resources: economic/economical*** Chapter 8. Shocks, sparks and excitement vs. engineering: electric/electrical*** Chapter 9. The past and the important things in it: historic/historical*** Chapter 10. From supernatural powers to exciting football games: magic/magical*** Chapter 11. Obsolescence